ISSN 1674-3865  CN 21-1569/R
主管：国家卫生健康委员会
主办：中国医师协会
　　　辽宁省基础医学研究所
　　　辽宁中医药大学附属医院
中国中西医结合儿科学

中国中西医结合儿科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (1): 61-64.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3865.2017.01.019

• 临床研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

小儿惊厥临床分析及预防策略

李爱月   

  1. 017000 内蒙古 鄂尔多斯，鄂尔多斯市中心医院儿科
  • 出版日期:2017-02-25 发布日期:2017-12-18
  • 通讯作者: 李爱月，E-mail:610287885@qq.com
  • 作者简介:李爱月（1982-），女，医学硕士，主治医师。研究方向：小儿神经内科疾病的诊治。

Clinical analysis of infantile convulsion and its prevention strategies

LI Aiyue   

  1. Department of Pediatrics，Ordos Central Hospital，Ordos 017000，China
  • Online:2017-02-25 Published:2017-12-18

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摘要： 目的:探讨小儿惊厥病因，临床特征、发病趋势及预防策略。
方法:分析2013年1月至2015年12月内蒙古鄂尔多斯市中心医院儿科收治的1 058例惊厥患儿的临床资料。
结果:1 058例惊厥患儿中，男女比例为1.4∶1，平均发病年龄（3.0±1.6）岁，发病年龄高峰为1~3岁。3年来因惊厥致患儿入院比例不断增加，惊厥患儿各个季节均有发病，其中二、四季度3年呈递增趋势（P<0.05）。1 058例患儿中热性惊厥820例（77.5％），其中单纯型热性惊厥626例（59.2％），复杂型热性惊厥194例（18.3％）。热性惊厥最常见危险因素为病毒感染、疫苗接种及阳性家族史，最常见的5种感染性疾病及在惊厥患儿中所占比例如下：急性上呼吸道感染（30.0%），急性扁桃体炎（25.7%），疱疹性咽峡炎（10.6%），支气管肺炎（3.2%），幼儿急疹（3.2%）。惊厥病因中6岁前以热性惊厥、急性胃肠炎伴良性惊厥及颅内感染为主，6岁后则以癫痫为主。
结论:3年来惊厥患儿占总住院患儿百分比呈上升趋势，且儿童发生惊厥的病因呈多样化、复杂化，建立以家庭为主的干预策略对预防惊厥的发生及减少脑损伤意义重大。

关键词: 惊厥, 病因分析, 临床特征, 预防策略, 儿童

Abstract: Objective:To discuss the causes of infantile convulsion, clinical features, incidence trend and prevention strategies.
Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 1 058 cases of infantile convulsion admitted to our hospital between January 2013 and December 2015.
Results:Among 1 058 cases of infantile convulsion, the ratio of male to female was 1.4∶1,the average onset age was (3.0±1.6) years, and the peak incidence appeared between the age of 1 and 3.In the three years, the proportion of children visiting hospital for infantile convulsion was increasing. The attack of the disease came in almost every season; especially during the second quarter and the fourth quarter, there was an increasing trend（P<0.05）.Among the 1 058 cases, there are 820 children(77.5%) suffering from infant febrile convulsion, among which there are 626 cases(59.2%) of simple convulsion and 194 cases(18.3%) of complex febrile convulsion. The most common risk factors of febrile convulsion were virus infection, vaccination and positive family history. The five most common infectious diseases and their proportions in child patients were as follows: acute upper respiratory infection(30%),acute tonsillitis(25.5%), herpangina(10.6%), bronchial pneumonia(3.2%) and exanthema subitum(3.2%).Among these causes, febrile convulsion, acute gastroenteritis with benign convulsion and intracranial infection were the main causes of convulsion before the age of six; after six, the main cause was epilepsy.
Conclusion:In the three years, the number of infantile convulsion has been increasing, and the causes of infantile convulsion are not only diverse but also complex. Therefore, it is significant to build family intervention strategies to reduce brain damage.

Key words: Convulsion, Cause analysis, Clinical characteristics, Prevention strategies