Objective To investigate the effect of a standardized medical record system combined with an Internet-based management model on asthma control in children. Methods A total of 126 children with asthma who attended the pediatric asthma clinic of Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023 were selected as study subjects. According to the random number generated by the computer, the patients were divided into an observation group of 76 cases and a control group of 50 cases. Propensity score matching was used to match the two groups of children at a ratio of 1∶1, and 25 cases in each group were successfully matched. The observation group received continuous Internet-based management on the basis of a standardized medical record system, while the control group was managed using a traditional paper-based asthma action plan. Asthma control level, number of unplanned medical visits, and related follow-up indicators were compared between the two groups. Results During the follow-up, the number of unplanned medical visits in the observation group was lower than that in the control group after matching, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Asthma control levels at 3 and 6 months in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in brain function scores between the two groups at 3 or 6 months (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with paper-based asthma action plan, the standardized medical record system combined with an Internet-based management model helps to improve asthma control level and reduce unplanned medical visits in children, which is a promising model for long-term standardized management of childhood asthma.

Objective To investigate the potential mechanism of Buzhong Yiqi decoction in the treatment of pediatric combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome(CARAS) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods Active ingredients of Buzhong Yiqi decoction and their corresponding targets were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. Disease targets related to rhinitis and asthma were collected from the GeneCards and OMIM databases. Common targets shared between the drug and diseases were identified, and a "drug-active ingredient-disease-target" network and a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network were constructed. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology(GO) functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathways was performed on the intersection targets. Finally, molecular docking simulations were applied to systematically evaluate the interactions between the main active components and core target proteins, thereby validating their specific binding capacity and potential mechanisms of action. Results A total of 165 active ingredients and 965 corresponding targets of Buzhong Yiqi decoction were screened out, among which 185 targets overlapped with CARAS-related targets. Network analysis identified malkangunin benzoate, arachidonic acid, and some others as core active components, while TNF, IL-6, STAT3 and some others were determined as core targets. Enrichment analysis revealed that these targets were significantly involved in biological processes such as inflammatory response and signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt. The binding free energies (all lower than -5 kcal/mol) resulting from molecular docking indicated that stable and effective binding could be achieved between the primary active compounds and core target proteins. Conclusion Buzhong Yiqi decoction may exert multi-target and multi-pathway synergistic effects in the treatment of CARAS by utilizing various active components such as malkangunin benzoate to act on key targets including TNF, IL-6, and STAT3. This regulates processes like the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and Th17 cell differentiation, thereby inhibiting inflammatory responses and modulating immune balance.

Asthma is the most common chronic airway inflammatory disease in children, and its control status is closely related to the disease burden and prognosis. Despite the continuous advancement in diagnosis and treatment technologies, the control rate of childhood asthma globally and in China remains unsatisfactory. This article systematically elaborates on the factors affecting childhood asthma control from three aspects: first, discuss how the individual characteristics such as gender, obesity, comorbidities, etc. affect the asthma control physiologically; secondly, analyze how the environmental factors such as outdoor air pollution, indoor allergen exposure, tobacco exposure, and respiratory virus infections aggravate asthma symptoms; finally, the discussion focuses on management behaviors, especially the effect of treatment compliance and inhaler use techniques on asthma control. The aim is to provide a reference for accurately identifying high-risk factors and formulating individualized intervention strategies in clinical practice.

Professor Jia Liujin believes that lung qi depression and closure is the core mechanism of pediatric pneumonia with dyspnea and cough, and that relieving depression and opening up closure is the main method of treatment for this disease, so he proposes a sequential therapy that focuses on dispersing lung qi in the early stage, clearing in the middle stage, and tonifying in the late stage. The article also summarizes Professor Jia's experience in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pneumonia with dyspnea and cough, pointing out that it is important to focus on the identification of early pneumonia in the clinical diagnosis and treatment process, and summarizes the experience of using single and pair of medicines, which provides a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pneumonia with dyspnea and cough.

Based on years of clinical experience, Professor Xu Rongqian first proposed the theory of "syndrome differentiation of Shen Hun Yi Po Zhi", concluding that the primary pathological location of pediatric cough variant asthma lies in the lungs. "The lungs store the Po" and are connected to the multiple organs through the "skin meridians", thus being related to the multiple organs. "The liver stores the Hun", so he advocates that treatment should focus on the lungs and liver. The etiology lies in exogenous pathogens and internal damage, and its relationship with "wind"，"phlegm" and "stasis" is the closest. There are many pathogenic mechanisms, which mainly include invasion of wind evil, restlessness of lungs and Po; retention of tenacious phlegm, instability of Shen Hun Yi Po Zhi (five Shen); wind-phlegm blocking lungs, restlessness of Hun and Po; phlegm stasis blocking meridians, inability to communicate of Hun and Po. The basic treatment principles are generally "dispelling wind and activating blood circulation, resolving phlegm and relieving cough, and calming Hun and securing Po. "The article summarizes Professor Xu's clinical experience in treating children with cough variant asthma from five aspects: dispelling wind and resolving phlegm, calming Hun and securing Po; regulating the lungs and liver, eliminating the evil and calming Hun; activating blood circulation and resolving stasis, dredging meridians and securing Po; skillfully applying the principles of ascending, descending, floating, and sinking in medication; protecting vital qi while avoiding excessive medication. A verified case is attached to demonstrate its efficacy.

By searching databases such as PubMed and CNKI, the clinical studies, meta-analyses and mechanistic studies on asthma-specific immunotherapy for children in recent years are screened, and the research progress in major interventions such as biologics and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is summarized and evaluated. Specific immunotherapy has shown some clinical potential in childhood asthma. Biologics can significantly reduce the rate of acute attacks and improve lung function in children with severe asthma; AIT has long-term efficacy in children with allergic asthma, but individual responses vary greatly. Cell therapies, such as regulatory T cell infusions, are in the experimental stage but have significant potential. Bacterial lysates may enhance immunomodulation by modulating the microbiota, but the mechanism needs to be further verified. Specific immunotherapy is still an important means in the treatment of asthma in children, and different strategies have their own advantages; individualized therapy and combined multi-target intervention need to be involved to improve the efficacy in the future. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further optimizing immunotherapy strategies for childhood asthma.

Mesenteric lymphadenitis in children is a common pediatric abdominal pain disorder, which has the characteristics of repeated attacks and prolonged course of disease, seriously affecting the physical and mental health and quality of life of children. At present, there is no unified consensus on the diagnostic criteria and treatment of the disease. Anti-infection and symptomatic treatment are still the main clinical treatments, but long-term use of antibiotics can easily cause intestinal flora imbalance and drug resistance. In recent years, the role of probiotics in regulating intestinal microecology, reducing inflammation, shrinking lymph nodes, and assisting the treatment of children with mesenteric lymphadenitis has received increasing attention. The core treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is regulating qi and relieving pain, reducing swelling and resolving nodules, and invigorating spleen and stomach, and various interventions are performed, such as oral administration of Chinese medicines, acupoint application, moxibustion and massage, which has achieved great effect. Integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine can synergistically enhance the effect, reduce the recurrence rate and improve the compliance, showing a good application prospect. This article systematically reviews the research progress in etiology, pathogenesis, key diagnostic points, western medicine treatment, traditional Chinese medicine treatment, integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and probiotics application in children with mesenteric lymphadenitis, and sorts the limitations and controversies of current diagnosis and treatment, so as to provide references for standardized clinical diagnosis and treatment and subsequent researches.

The development of pediatric occupational therapy in China is relatively lagging and remains in the initial stage of uneven regional development and inconsistent progress. Many occupational therapists focus solely on the hand function of children with cerebral palsy, failing to fully apply the "holistic approach". This article addresses common misconceptions in occupational therapy for children with cerebral palsy, such as setting overly vague and untargeted goals, occupational therapists' lack of guidance on assisting these children, how to adjust abnormal postures, inability to understand the importance of hand function development, and how to guide parents in home rehabilitation, as well as how to prepare for school entry and apply assistive devices and environmental modifications. It also explains how occupational therapists should handle these issues. Only by avoiding these therapeutic pitfalls and mastering proper strategies can occupational therapy better serve children with cerebral palsy, as it plays an indispensable role in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy.

"What is within manifests without" is the core concept in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for understanding diseases and exploring pathogenesis. Its essence lies in the principle -- "what is inside must manifest itself outside," meaning that the functional activities and pathological changes of the body's internal organs, qi and blood will inevitably manifest themselves through certain external signs. This theory forms the foundation of TCM's diagnostic approach of "judging the external to infer the internal". In pediatrics, children exhibit physiological characteristics of "immature yin and yang" and "frequent lung deficiency", with their pathological states being manifested through multiple external signs such as complexion, tongue coating, and pulse. In terms of pneumonia with dyspnea and cough, the disease progression is characterized by rapid transmission and transformation between cold and heat, deficiency and excess. Professor Wang Xuefeng, based on the theory of "What is within manifests without", investigates the correlation between external manifestations and internal pathogenesis to discern the deficiency or excess of internal organs, the exuberance or decline of pathogenic qi, and the progression or regression of the disease. He systematically explores the application of this theory in the differentiation of pediatric pneumonia with dyspnea and cough, the selection of therapeutic prescriptions, and the assessment of prognosis, providing clearer theoretical references and practical insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment in pediatrics.

This paper summarizes Professor Zheng Jian's academic thought and clinical experience in treating refractory nephrotic syndrome (RNS), focusing on his integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine scheme of treating RNS with traditional Chinese medicine and rituximab (RTX). Based on the combination of disease and syndrome and clarification of pathogenesis, a strategy of treatment by stages is established in the scheme, which consolidates the foundation by strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney and deals with its symptoms by promoting blood circulation and eliminating dampness, and dynamically adjusts the traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions according to the different stages of the disease and the characteristics of RTX, so as to leverage the synergistic effects of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine to reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy. Clinical practice has proved that this scheme can significantly enhance the efficacy of RTX, reduce adverse reactions and recurrence rate of RNS, and provide an effective reference for the treatment of RNS with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.

"Aromatic orifice-opening" method has a long history and is widely used. Based on children's physiopathological characteristics and the theoretical basis of "the lung opens the orifices in the nose", the "aromatic orifices-opening" method is applied to children's pulmonary and nasal diseases, such as upper airway cough syndrome, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, adenoid hypertrophy, etc. The causes and mechanisms of the diseases are explored in depth. Due to the nature of dispelling wind of aromatic products, such as Angelica dahurica, Atractylodes lancea, Agastache rugosa, etc., they are used to facilitate the opening of the nosal orifices, in order to promote the lung qi, relieve dampness and invigorate the spleen. The methods of warming yang and consolidating surface, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis are also used. which result in good effects. A typical medical case is presented here for verification.

According to traditional Chinese medicine， the core pathogenesis of infantile enuresis is "incoordination of the bladder"， which is related to the triple burner， lung， spleen， and kidney organs. Some doctors also suggest that the pathogenesis of infantile enuresis is closely related to the "heart and liver". Many doctors have different treatment focuses. This indicates that the occurrence of infantile enuresis is caused by the mutual influence of internal organs and abnormal metabolism of body fluids， and is related to the holistic view of the human body. Professor Yuan Dan has been engaged in pediatric clinical practice for many years. Based on the experiences of various experts and his own years of treatment experience for infantile enuresis， he proposed that infantile enuresis should be closely related to "internal stasis". This led to the development of a core therapeutic thinking centered on "unblocking meridians to promote qi and blood circulation"， "regulating the liver and regulating the triple burner"， "warming yang to promote qi transformation"， and other treatments， along with supplementation and consolidation. Prevent recurrence after recovery.

Objective To explore the patterns of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) usage in Professor Xu Hua's interventions for pediatric patients post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) through data mining techniques， summarize her clinical experience， and provide references for promoting the clinical application of TCM in the field of pediatric HSCT. Methods Prescriptions from pediatric patients treated by Professor Xu Hua at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (outpatient or inpatient) between January 1， 2021， and December 12， 2024， were collected. Various data mining techniques， including frequency， dosage， and property analysis of TCM， association rule analysis， complex network construction， core TCM clustering analysis， and community analysis of compatible TCM， were employed to objectively present Professor Xu Hua's medication patterns. Results A total of 230 prescriptions involving 177 TCM herbs were included. The four natures of the herbs were predominantly warm， neutral， and slightly warm， while the five flavors were mainly sweet， pungent， and bitter. The meridians most frequently targeted were the spleen， lung， and stomach. The top five herb pairs with the highest co-occurrence frequency were Pinellia ternata(Fabanxia)-Poria(Fuling)， stir-fried Atractylodes macrocephala(Fuchaobaizhu)-Poria(Fuling)， stir-fried Atractylodes macrocephala(Fuchaobaizhu)-Pinellia ternata(Fabanxia)， tangerine peel(Chenpi)-stir-fried Atractylodes macrocephala(Fuchaobaizhu)， and tangerine peel(Chenpi)-Poria(Fuling). Herb pairs with 100% confidence included honey-fried Ephedra(Mimahuang)-bitter apricot kernel(Kuxingren)， Peucedanum praeruptorum(Qianhu)-bitter apricot kernel(Kuxingren)， dragon bone(Longgu)-oyster shell(Muli)， Ilex pubescens(Maudongqing)-honey-fried Ephedra(Mimahuang)， Ilex pubescens(Maudongqing)-bitter apricot kernel(Kuxingren)， and clam shell(Haqiao)-Pinellia ternata(Fabanxia). Six categories of core TCM prescriptions were identified， with Category 1(comprising Pseudostellaria heterophylla(Taizishen)， Poria(Fuling)， stir-fried Atractylodes macrocephala(Fuchaobaizhu)， Aucklandia lappa(Muxiang)， Pueraria lobata(Gegen)， Pogostemon cablin(Guanghuoxiang)， Pinellia ternata(Fabanxia)， tangerine peel(Chenpi)， charred hawthorn(Jiaoshanzha)， and licorice slice(Gancaopian) containing the most frequently used herbs. Conclusion Professor Xu Hua's interventions for pediatric patients post-HSCT primarily focus on strengthening the spleen's function， complemented by replenishing qi and nourishing yin， regulating the lung and kidney， resolving phlegm， and dispelling stasis. She prefers using herbs that serve both medicinal and dietary purposes， aiding in the generation and circulation of qi， blood， and body fluids in post-HSCT children， thereby improving the dysfunction or deficiency of multiple organs.

Objective To explore the intervention effect of foot bath with Jiebiao Toure decoction (decoction for resolving symptoms and clearing heat) combined with meridian scraping on children with wind-heat-type exogenous fever. Method A total of 100 children with exogenous fever (wind-heat type) admitted to Pediatric Department of Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine from April 2024 to October 2024 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, each consisting of 50 cases. The control group received conventional treatment with western medicines, while the observation group received the treatment of foot bath with Jiebiao Toure decoction combined with meridian scraping in addition to the conventional western treatment. The total clinical effective rate after 3 days of treatment, changes in TCM symptom scores (red throat, nasal congestion, runny nose and cough), body temperature at each time point, time of complete defervescence, onset time of defervescence, frequency of antipyretic drug use, and average length of hospital stay were observed in both groups. Result There were 4 cases of loss of follow-up in the control group and 3 cases of dropping out in the observation group, and finally 93 patients completed the whole course of observation (46 in the control group and 47 in the observation group). The total effective rate was 89.4% (42/47) in the observation group, higher than the control group (71.7%, 33/46), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The symptom scores of red throat, runny nose and nasal congestion significantly decreased after treatment compared to before treatment, and the observation group was lower than the control group, with statistically significant difference(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in symptom score of cough(P>0.05).The measurements at 1.5 h, 48 h and 72 h after treatment showed that the body temperature of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and all the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The time of complete defervescence, the onset time of defervescence and the average length of hospital stay were shorter in the observation group than in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of antipyretic drug use between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion The combination of Chinese herbal medicine foot bath with meridian scraping can reduce the body temperature of children and improve clinical symptoms, has a significant antipyretic effect, and effectively shortens the treatment cycle.

Objective To explore the effects of pelvic floor magnetic stimulation combined with bladder function training on children with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury. Methods Sixty children with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury who were treated at Zhengzhou University Affiliated Children's Hospital from January 2023 to October 2025 were selected as the research subjects. According to the order of admission, 30 cases admitted from January 2023 to May 2024 were assigned to the control group, and 30 cases admitted from June 2024 to October 2025 were assigned to the observation group. The control group received conventional rehabilitation treatment, nursing measures, and bladder function training, while the observation group received pelvic floor magnetic stimulation in addition to the treatment for control group. The scores of voiding symptoms [core lower urinary tract symptom score (CLSS), urinary symptom distress scale (USDS)], neurogenic bladder symptom score (NBSS), and urodynamic indicator scores were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results After the intervention, the CLSS, USDS, and NBSS of both groups were lower than those before the intervention, and the observation group was lower than the control group, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). Concerning the urodynamic indicators, after the intervention, the maximum bladder capacity and internal bladder pressure of both groups were higher than those before the intervention, and the observation group was higher than the control group, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05); after the intervention, the residual urine volume of both groups was lower than that before the intervention, and the observation group was lower than the control group, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). Conclusion Pelvic floor magnetic stimulation combined with bladder function training can improve the voiding symptoms of children with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury, relieve neurogenic bladder symptoms, and promote the recovery of urodynamic indicators, which has significant clinical effects and application value.

Objective To investigate the differences in vitamin A, D and E levels among preschool children with allergic diseases and their correlation with the risk of severe pneumonia. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 240 preschool children with allergic diseases admitted to Zhoukou Children's Hospital from December 2022 to December 2024. Based on the occurrence of severe pneumonia, the patients were divided into a severe pneumonia group(n=73) and a non-severe pneumonia group(n=167). Differences in vitamin A, D and E levels were compared, and Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for severe pneumonia. Results Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of history of allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, pet ownership, residence, passive smoking exposure, and >2 episodes of recurrent respiratory infections within 6 months(P<0.05). The levels of vitamin A, D and E in the severe pneumonia group of children were lower than those in the non-severe pneumonia group(P<0.05). The severe pneumonia group demonstrated a higher prevalence of vitamin A, D and E deficiencies compared to the non-severe pneumonia group(P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between vitamin A, D and E levels and the risk of severe pneumonia in preschool children with allergic diseases(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified the following risk factors for severe pneumonia in preschool children with allergic diseases: history of allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, pet ownership, rural residence, passive smoking exposure, >2 episodes of recurrent respiratory infections within 6 months, subclinical vitamin A deficiency, and vitamin D/E deficiency(P<0.05). Conclusion Preschool children with allergic diseases exhibit lower levels of vitamins A, D and E, which are negatively correlated with the risk of severe pneumonia. Allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, pet ownership, rural residence, history of passive smoking, recurrent respiratory infections>2 times within 6 months, and deficiencies in vitamins A, D and E are all independent risk factors for severe pneumonia in preschool children with allergic diseases.