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Research progress of neurotransmitter imbalance in tic disorders JIANG Ling, ZHANG Di, LlU Ying Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (2): 132-136.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.02.007 Abstract （747）      PDF（pc） （1040KB）（1011）       Knowledge map    Save Tic disorder(TD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder,the exact causes and mechanisms of which are not yet fully understood.In recent years,the prevalence of tic disorder has been on the rise.Patients with TD often present with comorbidities such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,obsessive compulsive disorder,learning difficulties,anxiety,and depression.These issues not only negatively impact children's academic performance but may also bring great trouble to their growth,development,and mental health.Researches have indicated that the occurrence of TD is closely related to various factors,including neurotransmitter imbalance,genetic factors,psychosocial factors,and infections or immune factors.Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in maintaining normal function of nervous system,and in TD patients,there may be neurotransmitter imbalance,which affects their behavior and cognitive functions.In depth research in the pathogenesis of TD,especially in neurotransmitter imbalance,helps us better understand its pathological processes and provides new therapeutic approaches and strategies for controlling its symptoms.Through targeted treatment and interventions,symptoms can be effectively alleviated,which helps patients improve their quality of life and reduce the negative impact on society and families.This article mainly reviews the relationship between neurotransmitter imbalance and the development of tic disorder. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical practice guidelines for integrative Chinese and western medicine in children with enuresis (2025) Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (3): 185-198.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.1674-3865.2025.03.001 Abstract （614）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （1684KB）（118）       Knowledge map    Save Childhood enuresis (also known as nocturnal enuresis, NE) is intermittent urinary incontinence that occurs at night during sleep in children ≥5 years of age, and is one of the common clinical disorders in pediatrics. The persistent symptoms of nocturnal enuresis affect children's physical and mental health and quality of life, which aggravates social anxiety and increases the burden of family care. In order to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment protocols of NE in integrative Chinese and western medicine, the Chinese Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CSTCM) Children's Health Collaborative Innovation Platform (CHCIP), the Chinese Children's Enuresis Disease Management Collaborative Group of Renal Disease Group of Pediatricians Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association (CMDA), and the Kidney Rheumatism Endocrinology Cooperative Group of Pediatric Special Committee of Chinese Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine have jointly initiated the development of this guideline. The guideline systematically sorts out NE from the aspects of definition, clinical classification, pathogenesis, medical history collection, physical examination, auxiliary examination, and diagnosis and treatment strategies of integrative Chinese and western medicine. Especially, it puts forward the integrative points of Chinese and western medicine regarding different clinical classifications of NE, with the aim of providing rationalized suggestions and references for the diagnosis and treatment of NE in both Chinese and western medicines, and promoting the development of the research on the combination of Chinese and western medicines in NE. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta analysis and GRADE evaluation of Xiaoer Feire Kechuan oral liquid in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia WU Pan, HUANG Tingyue, ZHANG Zhanling, WANG Xuefeng Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (2): 98-108.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.02.002 Abstract （601）      PDF（pc） （7421KB）（141）       Knowledge map    Save Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoer Feire Kechuan oral liquid in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Methods:Randomized controlled trials of Xiaoer Feire Kechuan oral liquid in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia published in Chinese databases and English databases,including CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,Pubmed,Cochrane Library and Embase,were searched for by computer and the relevant grey literature was traced.Two researchers conducted literature screening and data extraction separately,and conducted quality evaluation of the included studies.The meta analysis and evidence quality evaluation were carried out using RevMan 5-4 software and GRADE system respectively.Results:A total of 16 studies were included,involving a total of 1 503 patients,752 patients in the experimental group and 751 patients in the control group.The results of meta analysis showed that the total effective rate,the antipyretic time,the disappearance time of cough,the disappearance time of sputum,the disappearance time of lung rales,CRP level,IL6 level and TNFα level were better by Xiaoer Feire Kechuan oral liquid than by conventional western medicine in the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,and the incidence of adverse reactions was not increased.The grading results of GRADE evidence showed that the evidence of total effective rate,the disappearance time of sputum and the incidence of adverse reactions was the low grade;the evidence of antipyretic time,the disappearance time of cough and the disappearance time of lung rales,inflammatory indexes(CRP,IL6,TNFα） and lung function（FEV1,FEV1/FVC,MVV） was the very low grade.Conclusion:The therapeutic effect of Xiaoer Feire Kechuan oral liquid on Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children is definite,and its safety is superior to conventional western medicine treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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A multi center clinical study on the adjuvant treatment with Fuxiong powder for children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia SHEN Hongyan, ZHANG Xiuying, TAN Chunying, SHANG Tao, MENG Bin, MU Jingwen, TIAN Zhifan, E Mingxin, WANG Xuefeng Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (2): 93-98.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.02.001 Abstract （582）      PDF（pc） （1055KB）（371）       Knowledge map    Save Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Fuxiong powder in the adjuvant treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia（phlegm-heat closing lung syndrome） in children.Methods:Totally 120 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia（phlegm-heat closing lung syndrome） were selected as the study subjects,who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Liaoning Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital，Benxi Manchu Autonomous County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Kaiyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2024 to January 2025，and they were divided into two groups according to their wishes:60 cases in the experimental group and 60 cases in the control group.The control group was treated with basic treatment with western medicine，and the experimental group was treated with Fuxiong powder in addition to the basic treatment with western medicine.The course of treatment was 7 d.The clinical efficacy，time to remission of main symptoms，disappearance time of pulmonary signs（rales），TCM syndrome scores and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:After treatment，the healing and improvement rate of experimental group was 72%-22% (39/54),and the total effective rate was 92%-59% (50/54),both of which were higher than the control group ［(50%-91%,28/55）and (83%-64%,46/55)］,showing that the clinical efficacy of the experimental group was better than that of the control group (P<0.05).The relief time of clinical symptoms（cough，wheezing due to retention of phlegm in the throat，shortness of breath） and the disappearance time of pulmonary signs (rales) in the experimental group were both less than those in the control group (P<0.05).The TCM syndrome score was lower than before treatment in both groups，and the experimental group was better than the control group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups（P>0.05）.Conclusion:The adjuvant treatment for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia（phlegm-heat closing lung syndrome） in children with Fuxiong powder has a good clinical efficacy，which can effectively promote rales absorption and improve the symptoms of cough,wheezing due to retention of phlegm in the throat and shortness of breath，and is safe.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of human milk oligosaccharides in breast milk on intestinal flora of infants and research progress LI Jianying, XUE Lingyan, HE Chunlan, ZHAO Lingli Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (2): 121-125.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.02.005 Abstract （563）      PDF（pc） （1259KB）（402）       Knowledge map    Save Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breast milk can effectively promote the growth and colonization of beneficial bacteria in the infant's intestinal tract and inhibit the invasion of pathogenic bacteria.By improving the composition of the infant's intestinal flora and increasing the abundance of the intestinal flora,it maintains the health of the intestinal tract and enhances the immune system of infants,and also has an significant preventive effect on intestinal dysfunction related diseases.This article mainly expounds the research progress in the correlation between HMOs and the infant's intestinal flora in recent years,summarizes the influence of factors such as the mother's genotype on HMOs in the mother's body,and further explores the promoting effect of HMOs on the infant's intestinal flora,which is of great significance for better restoring the nutritional components of breast milk for feeding and preventing related diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experience in treating short stature in children based on spleen with Sijunzi decoction as the core formula LI Ying, DONG Hanyu, DONG Dan, WANG Xuefeng Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (2): 150-153.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.02.011 Abstract （505）      PDF（pc） （987KB）（295）       Knowledge map    Save Short stature in children refers to the condition of the individuals of the same race,same sex and same age who are less than 2 standard deviations (-2SD) from the average height of the normal population or less than the 3rd percentile (-1 88SD) in similar living conditions,some of which are normal physiological variations.The treatment for short stature in children with traditional Chinese medicine has achieved remarkable efficacy.Professor Dong Dan believes that congenital insufficiency of endowment and acquired feeding disorders are the main causes of short stature in children,and takes nourishing and strengthening the spleen as the therapeutic principle in clinical practice,utilizing Sijunzi decoction as the core formula to treat short stature in children,which has achieved satisfactory efficacy.This article summarizes Professor Dong Dan's experience in treating children with short stature to provide reference for readers.One case is attached. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical observation on the treatment of 60 cases of indigestion with spleen deficiency and accumulation syndrome in children with Yipi Xiaoshi decoction BAO Hua, FANG Qi Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (2): 168-172.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.02.015 Abstract （501）      PDF（pc） （1017KB）（172）       Knowledge map    Save Objective：To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yipi Xiaoshi decoction in the treatment of children with indigestion with spleen deficiency and accumulation syndrome.Methods：Totally 60 children with indigestion (with spleen deficiency and accumulation syndrome) admitted to Dongying Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the study subjects,and they were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was given Xingpi Yanger granules orally,while the observation group was given Yipi Xiaoshi decoction orally.After two treatment courses (14 days),the major symptoms (lack of appetite,reduced food intake,and bloating in the epigastric region) and minor symptoms (nausea and vomiting,fatigue,pale complexion,and irregular bowel movements) were quantitatively scored and the efficacy was evaluated.Results：(1) The total effective rate of both groups was 100%,with a significant improvement rate of 93%-3%(28/30) in the observation group,which was significantly higher than that of the control group (26%-7%,8/30),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(2) After treatment,the scores of each major and minor symptom,as well as the total score of symptoms in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion：Yibi Xiaoshi decoction has a definite therapeutic effect on children with indigestion with spleen deficiency and accumulation syndrome,which improves the score of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome,and is worthy of clinical promotion and application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment for children with adenoid hypertrophy with Xiaoxian Sanjie potion:an analysis of some cases WANG Gehuan, CHEN Ziqin, ZHANG Xuerong Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (2): 146-149.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.02.010 Abstract （485）      PDF（pc） （1698KB）（361）       Knowledge map    Save 1Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065,China;2Hubei Shizhen Laboratory,Wuhan 430065,China;3Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065,China Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical research advances in auricular acupoint therapy for pediatric tic disorders Mingqing LUO, Shuxin SUN, Jing LI Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (4): 277-280.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.04.001 Abstract （475）   HTML （11）    PDF（pc） （503KB）（71）       Knowledge map    Save Tic disorders (TD) are neuropsychiatric conditions characterized by involuntary muscular or vocal tics, presenting a significant challenge to children's learning and daily lives. This article reviews the literature in the past decade on auricular therapy for pediatric TD, sums up its mechanisms of action, and categorizes and summarizes relevant clinical treatment protocols. Auricular therapy can significantly alleviate tic symptoms and has three major advantages: high safety, simple operation and good compliance among children. It compensates for the drawbacks of western medications, such as lots of side effects and tendency to induce drug resistance, providing a novel approach to the long-term management of pediatric TD. Future research should focus on deepening mechanistic investigations and strengthening evidence-based medical validation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective analysis of liver⁃softening and spleen⁃strengthening therapy for children with precocious puberty of spleen⁃deficiency and liver⁃hyperactivity type Junchao LIU, Jiaojiao LIU, Hong XU Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (3): 208-212.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.03.004 Abstract （452）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （477KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and the treatment mechanism of liver?softening and spleen?strengthening therapy for children with precocious puberty of spleen?deficiency and liver?hyperactivity type. Method A total of 62 children with central precocious puberty of spleen?deficiency and liver?hyperactivity type were selected as research subjects, who visited Children’s Hospital of Fudan University from October 2023 to May 2024, including 38 girls and 24 boys. The 62 pediatric patients were treated with liver?softening and spleen?strengthening therapy, orally taking Siwu decoction combined with Baizhu Ointment with modification for 6 months. The efficacy of liver?softening and spleen?strengthening therapy was evaluated by analyzing growth rate of body height, changes in bone age?chronological age(BA-CA) ratio, level of sex hormone and changes in growth factor level before and after treatment. Result (1) After treatment with liver?softening and spleen?strengthening therapy, the BA-CA ratio significantly reduced compared with before treatment（reducing by 6%–9%), and the growth rate increased significantly compared with before treatment (P<0.05). (2) There was no significant enlargement in uterine, ovary, follicle or testicle after treatment (P>0.05). (3) After treatment estradiol level in girls and testosterone level in boys were lower than before treatment, while FSH in girls was higher than before treatment (all P<0.05); LH and PRL levels in boys and girls and FSH level in boys had no obvious changes before and after treatment (P>0.05). (4) After treatment, serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels increased significantly compared with before treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion The liver?softening and spleen?strengthening therapy can not only reduce the level of sex hormones effectively and inhibit the rapid progress of bone age, but also increase the levels of growth factors and the growth rate of the child patients. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application analysis of Professor Wang Xuefeng′s treatment for hysterical attack syndrome characterized by dyspnea based on the theory of "wood fire tormenting metal" LI Ruixue, WANG Xuefeng, CAI Zhuang Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (2): 137-141.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.02.008 Abstract （452）      PDF（pc） （1032KB）（169）       Knowledge map    Save Hysteria,now known as functional motor disorders,is a functional neurological disorder that is often associated with psychological,social,and other factors.During its onset,there may be clinical manifestations of traditional Chinese medicine asthma,such as dyspnea and even opening the mouth and lifting the shoulders,which are special forms of this disease and often occur due to emotional changes.Children have weaker organ function and are more susceptible to emotional factors.The onset of this disease is sudden and rapid,and it is prone to hyperventilation syndrome,which can lead to respiratory alkalosis and other critical situations,threatening the physical and mental health of the affected children.Based on the theory of TCM zang fu syndrome differentiation and taking the theory of generation inhibition of five elements as the general principle,Professor Wang Xuefeng thinks that the occurrence of such diseases is closely related to the lungs and liver.Tracing the origin from ancient books and based on the theory of "wood fire tormenting metal",Professor Wang Xuefeng combines the internal treatment with the external treatment in the treatment,adopts the fundamental treatment method of soothing the liver and resolving depression,and regulates the qi mechanism,so as to ensure the orderly rise and fall of the liver and lungs and the normal function of the zang fu organs.This paper,by tracing the records of the theory of "wood fire tormenting metal" in ancient books and combining with modern research on the mechanism of wheezing caused by emotional diseases,further explores the guiding significance of "wood fire tormenting metal" in clinical treatment.A typical medical case is attached in order to provide deeper theoretical and prescription experience guidance for the TCM treatment of such complex diseases of emotional diseases combined with pulmonary diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of "Method of regulating spleen to mediate qi movement" in pediatric diseases WU Min, PENG Yu, LIU Qiyan, SUN Haipeng, WU Hao, CHEN Yingyu, HUANG Jing Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (2): 142-146.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.02.009 Abstract （448）      PDF（pc） （1008KB）（493）       Knowledge map    Save The transportation and transformation function of the spleen is based on the normal qi movement of the ascending of the spleen and the descending of the stomach.It needs to interact with the ascending of the liver and the descending of the lung to regulate the qi movement.The normal transportation of the spleen can "mediate" the qi movement of the four viscera and transform essence qi to nourish the five viscera.This article summarizes the entire process of the spleen′s transportation and transformation in four stages:"The stomach accepts and the spleen transports to generate essence,the spleen governs distribution and transformation to refine essence,the lung assists the spleen qi to disperse essence,and the spleen ascends and the intestines descend to transport essence",forming the academic thought of "the spleen governing the four essences".The following processes are further specified and visualized,including the digestion and absorption of food and water by the stomach,the ascending of the clear substances and the descending of the turbid substances by the spleen,and the distribution and transportation of the refined substances of the resulting qi and blood after further processing.Starting from the ascending and descending and pivoting of qi movement in the spleen and stomach,lung and liver,lung and stomach,and liver and spleen,the "method of regulating spleen to mediate qi movement" is used to regulate the ascending and descending functions of qi movement in the spleen and stomach,and liver and lung,and is closely combined with the pathogenesis,disease location,and treatment methods of pediatric diseases,which lays a foundation for its clinical application.The spleen of children is often insufficient in the physiological state,and the spleen and stomach are easily injured by diet,resulting in abnormal ascending and descending of qi movement in the spleen and stomach,so children often have spleen diseases.The "method of regulating spleen to mediate qi movement" includes various treatment methods,such as regulating the spleen to eliminate accumulation,regulating the spleen to eliminate distension,regulating the spleen to soothe the liver and reduce the adverse qi,and regulating the spleen to ventilate the lung and unblock the orifices.It is a comprehensive treatment approach that can quickly restore the transportation and transformation function of the spleen and also promote the recovery of the qi movement through "mediating the four viscera" by the spleen,which provides new ideas and methods for the treatment of pediatric diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on evaluation indexes for clinical trials of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome Yihan XIE, Siying MEI, Xilian ZHANG Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (3): 221-225.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.03.006 Abstract （445）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （477KB）（337）       Knowledge map    Save Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is a kind of early?onset epileptic encephalopathy, which has a poor clinical outcome and prognosis, and the optimization of the treatment plan for IESS is a hot research topic at present. In recent years, relevant clinical trials have been carried out continuously, and this study summarizes the evaluation indexes for IESS based on the review of literatures: for the evaluation of efficacy, seizure attack is the most basic and direct index, and some of the studies make comprehensive analysis in conjunction with the changes of EEG; regarding the evaluation of EEG, the Krammer score and BASED are commonly used to evaluate the degree of heightened dysrhythmia, and in addition, some of EEG biomarkers are expected to become more standardized evaluation indexes; long?term follow?up needs to focus on the neuromotor development of children, seizure recurrence rate and so on, of which neuromotor development can be evaluated by using scales such as Gesell Scale, Bayley Scale and Griffiths Scale; for the long?term efficacy evaluation after the surgery, the Engel Rating Scale and the ILAE Rating Scale are most commonly used; in the safety evaluation the detection of the corresponding indexes, the reports on adverse events and the records of incidence of adverse reactions are the main indexes; the treatment for IESS with Chinese medicine has certain advantages and potentials, but clinical trials are scarce, and the characteristic indicators of Chinese medicine should be further explored. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in cell derived exosomes carrying different miRNAs in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy models YAN Fuli, GAO Jing Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (2): 126-132.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.02.006 Abstract （440）      PDF（pc） （1074KB）（363）       Knowledge map    Save Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy refers to brain damage caused by fetal or neonatal hypoxia and ischemia during labor or after birth.In severe cases,it can lead to intellectual disability,dyskinesia,and even death.Exosomes,as a type of extracellular vesicles,have been proven to be able to improve the function of the nervous system.Further research has found that the therapeutic effect of exosomes is achieved by targeting different target genes through miRNA content,regulating related signaling pathways,inhibiting excessive neuronal apoptosis and autophagy,suppressing the production of inflammatory factors,promoting cell proliferation and vitality,and improving pathological damage of brain tissues and neurobehavioral symptoms.Therefore,exosomes carrying miRNA have promising application prospects in the repair of neurological damage in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study on the treatment for children with acute tonsillitis (external wind⁃heat syndrome) with Bangbo Ruexiao granule Hongyan SHEN, Xuefeng WANG, Xinmin HAN, Bin YUAN, Siyuan HU, Xinmin LI, Lei XIONG, Ping HE, Ying ZHOU, Xuerong ZHANG, Jingwen MU Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (3): 213-220.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.03.005 Abstract （439）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （601KB）（103）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To verify the efficacy and safety of Bangbo Ruexiao granule in the treatment of children with acute tonsillitis (external wind?heat syndrome). Methods This study was a multicenter, randomized, double?blind, double?dummy, positive drug parallel control design. A total of 520 children with acute tonsillitis (external wind?heat syndrome) treated in Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Hubei Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2010 to March 2012 were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group by 3∶1. The observation group was treated with Bangbo Ruexiao granule, and the control group was treated with Xiaoer Qingyan granule. The course of treatment was 5 days. The following items were observed: clinical efficacy, TCM disease and syndrome efficacy, the disappearance rate of single symptoms and signs (pharyngalgia or odynophagia, tonsil swelling and congestion, pharyngeal mucosa congestion, fever, cough, aversion to wind and headache), the onset time of the effect on pharyngalgia, the disappearance time of pharyngalgia, the negative conversion rate of C-reactive protein and safety indicators. Results (1) There were 509 patients in the intention?to?treat set(ITTS), 491 patients in the per?protocol set(PPS), and 515 patients in the safety set(SS). (2) Effectiveness evaluation: the total effective rate of the observation group was 85.9%(329/383), which was significantly better than that of the control group (58.7%, 74/126), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001). The total rate of significant effect of TCM disease and syndrome was 89.8%(344/383) in the observation group, which was significantly better than 64.3% (81/126) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The disappearance rate of sore throat or odynophagia, the disappearance rate of tonsil swelling and congestion, and the disappearance rate of pharyngeal mucosa congestion in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the disappearance rate of other symptoms and signs(fever, cough, aversion to wind, headache) between the two groups(P>0.05). The median onset time of the effect on pharyngalgia and the median time of pharyngalgia disappearance in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the negative conversion rate of C-reactive protein between the two groups(P>0.05). (3) Safety evaluation: there were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse events, the incidence of combined medication or medication compliance between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusions Bangbo Ruexiao granule has a good clinical effect in the treatment of children with acute tonsillitis(external wind?heat syndrome), which can improve the efficacy of TCM syndromes, shorten the duration of sore throat, and has good safety. It can provide a new alternative treatment for children with acute tonsillitis(external wind?heat syndrome). Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of TCM constitution distribution in 1 479 children aged 3 to 14 in urban and suburban areas of Beijing XIN Xiaohui, LI Min, WANG Yajing, LI Fajun, QIU Xiaojin Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (2): 173-178.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.02.016 Abstract （435）      PDF（pc） （1043KB）（161）       Knowledge map    Save Objective:To investigate the types of TCM constitution in children aged 3 to 14 in urban and suburban areas of Beijing,and explore the distribution characteristics from the three dimensions of region,age and gender. Methods:The research subjects included the children aged 3 to 6 years who were at the two kindergartens of Dongcheng District and Miyun District of Beijing from April 16,2020 to June 30,2022,and the children aged 3 to 14 years who were recruited from Pediatric Department of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University and Children′s Hospital affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics during the same period.The self made "3  to 6 year old children′s TCM constitution scale" and "7  to 14 year old children′s TCM constitution scale" developed during the previous studies were used to investigate the type of TCM constitution in children aged 3 to 14 in urban and suburban areas of Beijing through WeChat program and on site surveys.The characteristics of TCM constitution distribution were analyzed from the three dimensions of gender,age and region. Results:A total of 1 479 valid questionnaires were collected,including 821 male cases and 658 female cases;there were 910 children aged 3 to 6 years and 569 children aged 7 to 14 years.(1)The proportion of TCM constitution from high to low was inherited special constitution (44.9%,664/1 479),yin deficiency constitution (42.5%,629/1 479),yang heat constitution (40.6%,601/1 479),balanced constitution (29.3%,433/1 479),qi stagnation constitution (23.4%,346/1 479),qi deficiency constitution (14.3%,211/1 479),yang deficiency constitution (11.6%,172/1 479),dampness heat constitution (10.3%,152/1 479),phlegm dampness constitution (6.5%,96/1 479) and blood deficiency constitution (3.9%,22/569).(2)There were no statistical differences in the constitution of children in urban and suburban areas（P>0.05).(3)Based on age,the proportion of balanced constitution in children between 7 and 14 years old (school age) was 33.4%(190/569),higher than that in children aged 3 to 6 years (preschool) (26.7%,243/910);the proportions of yin deficiency constitution,dampness heat constitution and yang heat constitution were 29.2%(166/569),7.9%(45/569) and 32.7%(186/569),respectively (P>0.05),which were all lower than those of 3  to 6 year old children (preschool),being 50.9%（463/910）,11.8%（107/910） and 45.6%（415/910）,respectively;the differences were of statistical significance (P<0.05).(4)Based on gender,the proportion of inherited special constitution of boys was 49.2%(404/821),higher than that of girls (39.5%,260/658),the difference being statistical (P<0.05). Conclusion:The 1 479 cases of 3  to 14 year old children in Beijing are mainly with biased constitutions,of which the proportion of inherited special constitution,yin deficiency constitution and yang heat constitution is relatively high.The distribution of TCM constitution is related to age and gender in Beijing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Differentiated treatment for central precocious puberty based on the five viscera and the theory of "Tiangui" Yuanjun LU, Na CHEN, Yang YANG, Man CHENG, Duojian LI, Qiuyue LI, Zhu CHEN Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (3): 203-207.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.03.003 Abstract （430）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （547KB）（754）       Knowledge map    Save The theory of Tiangui has a long history, which has a strict chronological sequence, and the early arrival of Tiangui is closely related to the occurrence of precocious puberty. Currently, the treatment for central precocious puberty is mostly based on the theory of liver and kidney. Based on the theory of Tiangui, this article discusses the regulatory influence of the five viscera on Tiangui, and explores the differentiated treatment for central precocious puberty based on the five viscera. Although the locus of precocious puberty is not separated from the kidneys, the disease mechanism is not separated from fire?heat. However, the development of precocious puberty is affected by the regulation of Tiangui by the five viscera. If the functions of the liver, spleen and lungs are normal, the heart is clear and the yin and yang in the kidneys are balanced, then there will be no violation of Tiangui. If the axis of the five viscera-Tiangui-reproductive organs is normal, Tiangui follows the chronological sequence of overflow and excretion. When differentiated treatment for precocious puberty is performed, the deficiency and excess of qi, blood, yin and yang of the five viscera should be considered as a whole, and tonifying the kidneys, dredging the liver, ventilating the lungs, activating the spleen and clearing the heart should be the main rules of treatment; thus, the normal chronological sequence of Tiangui can be restored by regulating the balance of yin and yang of the five viscera. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Data mining of medication rules of Professor Chang Ke in the treatment of cough in children Yali CUI, Ke CHANG Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (3): 264-269.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.03.015 Abstract （429）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （888KB）（246）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the medication rules of Professor Chang Ke in the treatment of cough in children，and summarize his thoughts on the treatment for cough. Methods Collect the prescriptions of Professor Chang Ke for the treatment of cough in the outpatient department from November 1，2023 to November 1，2024，standardize the drug names in the prescriptions，establish a database on the ancient and modern medical record cloud platform，and use multiple analysis methods to analyze the collected data from multiple perspectives，in order to explore the medication rules of Professor Chang Ke in the treatment of cough. Results A total of 567 prescriptions involving 224 Chinese medicines were included. According to the analysis of the data from the cloud platform of ancient and modern medical records, it was concluded that the high?frequency drugs were Scutellaria baicalensis，Apricot kernel，Pinellia ternata，Belamcanda chinensis，Platycodon grandiflorus，etc. The drug properties were mainly cold，warm，slightly cold and flat，the flavors of the medicines were bitter，spicy，sweet and slightly bitter，and the meridians involved were mainly the lung，stomach and spleen meridians. The main types of drugs were antipyretic and detoxifying drugs，pharynx?benefiting drugs and wind?heat?dispelling drugs. Four groups of drugs were obtained by cluster analysis，and 6 core drugs were obtained by complex network analysis. Conclusion Professor Chang Ke treats cough mainly based on "restoring the dispersion and descent of lung qi". He is good at using Chinese medicines with the effect of removing heat and toxin, dispelling wind heat, resolving dampness and phlegm and benefiting throat. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical observation of Xiaoer Dingchuan oral solution combined with western medicine treatment in the treatment of children with asthmatic bronchitis Haifei XIAO, Na WANG Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (3): 242-245.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.03.010 Abstract （421）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （464KB）（143）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the clinical value of adding Xiaoer Dingchuan oral solution to western medicine treatment in the treatment of children with asthmatic bronchitis. Methods From February 2022 to February 2024, 80 children with asthmatic bronchitis were treated in Zhengzhou People’s Hospital, and they were randomly divided into a control group(40 cases) and an experimental group(40 cases). The control group received conventional western medicine treatment, and the experimental group was treated with Xiaoer Dingchuan oral solution in addition to western medicine treatment. Both groups were treated continuously for 5 days. The total clinical effective rate, the disappearance time of clinical symptoms and signs such as cough and wheezing, the changes in inflammatory factor indexes [interleukin(IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ(IFN-γ)], and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the experimental group was 92.5%(37/40), which was higher than 75.0%(30/40) of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.034); the disappearance time of cough, gasping, wheezing and coarse moist rales in the experimental group was shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05). The inflammatory factor indexes (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ) after treatment in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the indexes in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05). The adverse reactions in the control group and the experimental group were mild, and the incidence rate had no statistical difference(P=1.000). Conclusion Compared with the single use of western medicine treatment, the combined use of Xiaoer Dingchuan oral solution and western medicine treatment for children with asthmatic bronchitis has a higher total effective rate, a more significant improvement in the clinical symptoms, and a more obvious recovery of inflammatory factor indexes, and there is no significant increase in the incidence rate of adverse reactions, which is worthy of further exploration and use in clinical practice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experience in treating children′s facial TIC disorder with Zhizi Shengqi powder CHEN Jingru, SUI Xiaohui, ZHANG Baoqing Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (2): 164-167.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.02.014 Abstract （414）      PDF（pc） （1009KB）（301）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years,the incidence of TIC disorder has been increasing.Its symptoms are very likely to recur,which affects the daily life and studies of children,so it brings great trouble to children and their parents.Chinese medicine has a good effect in the treatment of this disease;especially in recent years,there are many new theories and methods that have been used.Professor Zhang Baoqing believes that the locus of facial TIC disorder in children is in "liver",and its pathogenesis is "liver wind moving internally",which is closely related to heart,spleen and lungs.The treatment should focus on calming the liver and stopping the wind,while giving consideration to heart,spleen and lungs.This paper mainly introduces Professor Zhang Baoqing′s clinical experience in treating children′s facial TIC disorder with modified Zhizi Shengqi powder. Related Articles | Metrics