Table of Content

25 August 2025, Volume 17 Issue 4 Previous Issue   

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Clinical research advances in auricular acupoint therapy for pediatric tic disorders Mingqing LUO, Shuxin SUN, Jing LI 2025, 17 (4):  277-280.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.04.001 Abstract ( 8 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (503KB) ( 2 )   Save Tic disorders (TD) are neuropsychiatric conditions characterized by involuntary muscular or vocal tics, presenting a significant challenge to children's learning and daily lives. This article reviews the literature in the past decade on auricular therapy for pediatric TD, sums up its mechanisms of action, and categorizes and summarizes relevant clinical treatment protocols. Auricular therapy can significantly alleviate tic symptoms and has three major advantages: high safety, simple operation and good compliance among children. It compensates for the drawbacks of western medications, such as lots of side effects and tendency to induce drug resistance, providing a novel approach to the long-term management of pediatric TD. Future research should focus on deepening mechanistic investigations and strengthening evidence-based medical validation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Data mining-based analysis of medication patterns of modern renowned traditional Chinese medicine physicians for tic disorders Yuanhang SUN, Dongmei LI 2025, 17 (4):  281-286.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.002 Abstract ( 11 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (657KB) ( 1 )   Save Objective To elucidate the common syndrome differentiation approaches and core prescription strategies of modern renowned traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) physicians in treating tic disorders using the TCM Inheritance Computing Platform（V3.5）. Methods Literature on renowned TCM physicians' treatment for tic disorders was collected from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and VIP Chinese Sci-Tech Journal Database from January 2000 to February 2025. Prescriptions for tic disorders were input into the TCM Inheritance Computing Platform（V3.5） for statistical analysis of frequency of medicinal use, association rules, cluster analysis, channel tropism of property and flavor, and efficacy. Results A total of 78 articles which met the inclusion criteria were collected, involving the experience of 61 renowned TCM physicians, and 104 prescriptions comprising 214 medicinal substances were included. Medicinal properties were predominantly cold and neutral; flavors were primarily sweet and bitter; channel tropism focused on the liver, lung, and spleen. The core combination was Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Gouteng (Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), supplemented by the core prescription of Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma), Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus), Chantui (Cicadae Periostracum), Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Juhua (Chrysanthemi Flos), Muli (Ostreae Concha), Quanxie (Scorpio), and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix). Conclusion The primary treatment principle of modern renowned TCM physicians for tic disorders is softening the liver and extinguishing wind, complemented by strategies such as calming the liver and purging fire, fortifying the spleen and resolving phlegm, and diffusing the lung and dispelling pathogens. Attention should be paid to syndrome differentiation and simultaneous treatment of root causes and symptoms, and the medicines used mainly include liver-calming and wind-extinguishing agents, tonics, and exterior-releasing substances. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis of sleep quality in children with tic disorders Qingmei ZHANG, Baiye XU, Haidao WANG, Zhen CHEN, Tingting CHEN 2025, 17 (4):  287-291.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.003 Abstract ( 7 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (545KB) ( 2 )   Save Objective To investigate the sleep quality of children with tic disorders and their association with the types of tic disorders. Methods A total of 86 children with tic disorders admitted to the First Hospital of Quanzhou City from January to December 2024 were selected as the observation group, and 70 healthy children who underwent physical examinations at the same hospital during the same period were recruited as the control group. Demographic characteristics and clinical data of the two groups of children were collected, and sleep assessment was conducted using the children's sleep habits questionnaire(CSHQ). The observation group was evaluated using the Yale global tic severity scale(YGTSS). Results The CSHQ total score in the tic disorders group was 48.32±7.64, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (42.17±5.92， P<0.001). Based on YGTSS scores, the tic disorders group was further categorized into mild, moderate, and severe subgroups, with CSHQ total scores being 44.86±6.32,50.37±7.15, and 56.75±8.24, respectively. Significant differences were observed among these 3 subgroups(P<0.001). CSHQ total score was the highest in chronic tic disorders group, followed by Tourette syndrome group, and the score was the lowest in temporary tic disorders group. There were statistical differences among the 3 groups(P<0.001). Conclusion Children with tic disorders have significantly more sleep issues compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, sleep issues vary across different types of tic disorders, with greater severity associated with poorer sleep quality. Clinical practitioners should pay attention to the assessment of sleep issues in children with tic disorders. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring the anti-epileptic mechanism of Pingxian granules and its split formula based on neuronal apoptosis Lü GAO, Chi LIU, Zhengyu YAO, Yijue JING, Liping WU, Zhenggang SHI 2025, 17 (4):  292-297.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.004 Abstract ( 9 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (664KB) ( 4 )   Save Objective To observe the anti-epileptic effects of Pingxian granules and its split formula, and explore their anti-epileptic mechanisms. Methods Totally 270 4-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into a blank control group of 36 rats and a model group of 234 rats. The epilepsy model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazole. After the successful preparation of epilepsy model rats（n=216）, they were randomly divided into a model control group, a positive control group, a phlegm-resolving group, a blood stasis-removing group, wind-stopping group, and a Pingxian group, with 36 rats in each group. The positive control group was given 0.36 g/kg of sodium valproate (VPA), while the phlegm-resolving group, blood stasis-removing group, and wind-stopping group were all given medications from the split formula of Pingxian granules. The phlegm-resolving group was given 1.40 g/kg of phlegm-resolving drugs (Acorus tatarinowii and Dannanxing) by gavage; the blood stasis-removing group was given 2.08 g/kg of phlegm-resolving drugs (Danshen and Yujin) by gavage; the wind-stopping group was given 2.96 g/kg of wind-stopping drugs (Bombyx mori, Tianma, Daizheshi and Baishao) by gavage; the Pingxian group was given 3.22 g/kg of anti-epileptic drugs (composed of the aforementioned phlegm-resolving drugs, blood stasis-removing drugs, and wind-stopping drugs) by gavage. The blank control group and model control group were given an equal amount of physiological saline by gavage. Each group was treated by gavage for 21 days. Results Compared with the model control group, the Pingxian group and each group with split formula showed reduced positive expression of Bax protein at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d after drug intervention(P<0.05). Compared with the model control group, the Pingxian group and each group with split formula showed enhanced positive expression of Bcl-2 protein at 48 h, 72 h, 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d after drug intervention(P<0.05). Compared with the model control group, the positive control group, phlegm-resolving group, blood stasis-removing group, wind-stopping group and Pingxian group showed varying degrees of repair in the number and morphology of pyramidal neurons, with the Pingxian group showing greater improvement than the other groups with split formula, while the blood stasis-removing group showed no significant changes. Conclusion Pingxian granules and its split formula may exert anti-epileptic effects by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, downregulating Bax protein expression, and upregulating Bcl-2 protein expression. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of cyproheptadine in digestive disorders in children Ziying LI, Yuesheng WANG, Xiaoqin LI 2025, 17 (4):  298-301.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.005 Abstract ( 12 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (549KB) ( 4 )   Save Cyproheptadine, a multi-receptor antagonist with antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and anti-serotonergic properties, has recently demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety profiles in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) in children. This article mainly elaborates on the mechanisms of action, clinical application regimens, and therapeutic evaluations of cyproheptadine in conditions such as functional dyspepsia (FD), abdominal migraine (AM), cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), and anorexia nervosa, thereby providing a reference for its clinical use in the treatment of pediatric digestive diseases. Further prospective studies are warranted in the future to establish clear guidelines for its administration in order to promote its rational and standardized application in pediatric diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of intestinal microbiome characteristics of children with autism in China based on literature research Xingqian YI, Jing Ying NG, Zhiyi XIONG, Xiaofan CHEN, Ying LIU, Xiaoyan LI, Li WANG 2025, 17 (4):  302-312.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.006 Abstract ( 9 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (967KB) ( 2 )   Save Objective To review the characteristics of intestinal microbiome in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on existing literature evidence, and to explore their correlation with core symptoms of ASD, in order to provide theoretical basis for intestinal microbiome intervention in ASD. Methods The literature on intestinal microbiome characteristics of children with ASD in China was systematically searched for in Wanfang, China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu database (VIP), Web of Science and other relevant databases until January 6, 2024. Qualified articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, data were extracted, and the quality of the included articles was evaluated using the Newcastle and Ottawa scale (NOS). Results A total of 33 articles were included, and the study subjects were 2 042 children with ASD aged 2 to 14 years.In 16 studies α or β diversity in the intestinal microbiome was analyzed in the children with ASD and healthy children, of which seven reported α and β diversity, five described only α diversity, and four mentioned only β diversity, but the results were inconsistent.At the phylum level,Firmicutes were the most frequently reported, with 9 articles mentioning that their abundance was related to ASD, followed by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, each mentioned in 7 articles. Megamonas, Megasphaera, Barnesiella, Escherichia, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium were associated with the severity of ASD. Megamonas, Blautia, Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Sutterella, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were reported to be associated with social behavior, while Megamonas was associated with speech disorders. Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Blautia and Bacteroides were associated with cognitive development. Clostridium, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were associated with stereotypical behavior, while Bifidobacterium was associated with mood disorders. The abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Bacteroides was associated with gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation. Conclusion There are significant differences in intestinal microbiome between children with ASD and healthy children. There is a great number of intestinal microbiome involved in the core and accompanying symptoms of ASD, and most of the microbiome associated with ASD belong to phylum Firmicutes, indicating that the abundance of Firmicutes is closely related to the occurrence and development of ASD. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy and follow-up of ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A injection for lower limb spasticity in cerebral palsy Zengquan ZHONG, Xue JIANG, Shuangquan SUN, Yiming LI, Wei LI, Xin ZHANG, Hong LI, Zhihai LYU 2025, 17 (4):  313-319.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.007 Abstract ( 14 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (664KB) ( 2 )   Save Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A(BTX-A) injection combined with conventional rehabilitation training in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods A total of 69 children with spastic CP who were admitted to Harbin Children's Hospital (The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of HMU) and Longgang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shenzhen between June 2017 and March 2022 were randomized into a control group(n=35) and an observation group(n=34).All participants received a standardized rehabilitation protocol:(1)basic motor function reconstruction (task-oriented training, 30 min/session);(2) soft tissue management (wax therapy at 52-55 ℃, 30 min/session);(3)neuromuscular modulation(low-frequency electrical stimulation at 1 Hz, pulse width 100 ms).The observation group additionally received precise positioning injection: ultrasound-guided BTX-A injection (dilution: 50 IU/mL) was performed at gastrocnemius (4–6 IU/kg), and at soleus, semitendinosus and semimembranosus (1–2 IU/kg) based on disease condition. The systematic treatment lasted for 6 months as a course, and the injection was completed at 0 month after the first assessment. Outcomes were assessed by double-blinded assessment team during the follow-ups at baseline, and after 1, 6, and 12 months of treatment through:(1)dynamic assessment of muscular tension using modified Tardieu scale(MTS) to measure the range of motion at 0°and V3 velocity;(2)progress in motor function using gross motor function measurement(GMFM) to score the dimensions D/E;(3)life participation using functional independence measurement for children(WeeFIM) to make quantitative analysis. Results Both groups showed progressive decrease in MTS scores and gross motor function classification system(GMFCS) levels(P<0.05), and progressive increase in GMFM and WeeFIM scores(P<0.05) after 1, 6, and 12 months of treatment. The observation group demonstrated significantly lower MTS scores(P<0.05) and significantly higher GMFM/WeeFIM scores(P<0.05) than the control group at all post-treatment intervals. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided BTX-A injection is feasible for alleviating lower limb spasticity in children with spastic CP, which effectively improves muscle function, gross motor function, and functional independence, so this combined therapy is worthy of clinical promotion and application. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of the correlation between mild elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone and physical and neuropsychological development in preterm infants Enhuan WEI, Wei CHEN, Wanrong CHEN, Yunzhen DENG, Hui YANG 2025, 17 (4):  320-323.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.008 Abstract ( 13 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (514KB) ( 2 )   Save To investigate the association between mildly elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels during the first two weeks of life and physical/neuropsychological development in preterm infants. Methods A total of 102 preterm infants admitted to Sanming First Hospital between March 2021 and March 2023 were enrolled. The cohort comprised 52 infants with mild TSH elevation (observation group) and 50 infants with normal TSH levels (control group). Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) was performed on postnatal day 8. The differences in physical development at corrected age (CA) of 12 months and neuropsychological development at CA of 24 months were evaluated. The neuropsychological development was assessed using the Child Development Behavior Psychological Scale, and developmental quotient ≥85 was defined as normal. Results The aEEG monitoring on postnatal day 8 revealed that formation of sleep-wake cycle in the observation group was 26.9%(14/52), lower than that of the control group(46.0%, 23/50)(P<0.05).No differences existed in aEEG continuity or voltage parameters (maximum/minimum voltage) between the two groups (P>0.05).At CA of 12 months, the observation group demonstrated significantly smaller body length than the control group [(71.7±2.1) cm vs. (73.9±2.3) cm; P<0.001], while body weight and head circumference showed no significant differences (P>0.05).At CA of 24 months, the development quotient(DQ) of the observation group was lower that that of the control group in fine motor (90.0±2.7 vs. 91.6±1.6), language (89.0±2.7 vs. 90.0±1.6), and social behavior (91.0±1.7 vs. 91.8±1.8) (P<0.05). The DQ in gross motor and adaptive abilities showed no statistical differences between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Mildly elevated TSH levels in preterm infants within 2 weeks after birth are associated with the formation of sleep-wake cycles, physical growth, and neuropsychological development, necessitating monitoring and management. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical features and prognostic analysis of 21 cases of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis in children Li ZHANG, Yanfei YANG, Yanfen WANG 2025, 17 (4):  324-329.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.009 Abstract ( 7 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (567KB) ( 2 )   Save Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors, and analyze the treatment outcomes and follow-up results of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) in children, aiming to provide a basis for improving its early diagnosis and management. Methods The method of retrospective case analysis was adopted. The clinical data of 21 children with HNL who were diagnosed by lymphocytic biopsy and received treatment in the Department of Pediatrics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2018 to April 2025 were collected. Their clinical symptoms, laboratory test results, imaging findings, pathological results, treatment regimens, and follow-up information were analyzed to summarize the clinical characteristics and prognosis of HNL. Results Of the 21 patients, 10 were male and 11 were female (M∶F ratio 1∶1.1). The children's ages ranged from 5 to 13 years (9.86 ± 2.56 years). All patients presented with fever and lymphadenopathy. The laboratory findings included leukopenia in 11 cases (52.4%), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in 17 cases (81.0%), decreased hemoglobin in 3 cases (14.3%), elevated alanine amino-transferase in 4 cases (19.0%)，and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in 16 cases (76.2%). All patients underwent cervical lymph node ultrasonography, which showed cervical lymph node enlargement, with an average size of (1.86 ± 0.42) cm. Lymph node biopsy was performed in all 21 cases. Pathological results indicated HNL, without pathological evidence of lymphoma or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Regarding treatment, 6 cases (28.6%) achieved spontaneous remission without corticosteroid therapy, while 15 cases (71.4%) received corticosteroid treatment. Follow-up results revealed that 18 cases (85.7%) had no recurrence after the initial episode, while 3 cases (14.3%) experienced varying degrees of recurrence. None of the patients progressed to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Conclusion Some of HNL cases can undergo spontaneous remission during the first episode, and the disease is sensitive to corticosteroids, generally leading to a favorable prognosis. However, it's important to watch for severe complications or the development of autoimmune diseases. Long-term follow-up is essential for preventing recurrence and disease progression. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and validation of risk prediction model for postoperative malnutrition in children with intracranial space-occupying lesions Ye LI, Yuhuan WAN, Zhuo LI 2025, 17 (4):  330-335.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.010 Abstract ( 4 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (566KB) ( 2 )   Save Objective To construct and validate a risk prediction model for postoperative malnutrition in children with intracranial space-occupying lesions, in order to identify high-risk children at an early stage, formulate targeted nutritional support plans, reduce the incidence of postoperative malnutrition, and improve the prognosis of children. Methods By using the convenience sampling method, 167 children with intracranial space-occupying lesions who were scheduled to undergo surgical treatment at Hunan Children's Hospital from March 2020 to November 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Among them, 117 cases were taken as the modeling group and 50 cases as the validation group. The general information of the child patients, disease-related information, and information related to treatment and nursing were retrospectively collected. A risk prediction model was constructed through single-factor analysis and Logistic regression analysis, and a nomogram was drawn. The predictive efficacy of the model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the fitting effect of the model was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results The incidence of postoperative malnutrition in children with intracranial space-occupying lesions was 34.13%(57/167). Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative risk of malnutrition, whether complications occurred after surgery, whether nutritional support was received during the perioperative period, pediatric critical illness score, anemia, serum albumin level and C-reactive protein level were independent influencing factors of postoperative malnutrition (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of the constructed risk prediction model in the modeling group was 0.863 (95%CI: 0.789-0.906), and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test P=0.679, indicating a good fitting effect. In the validation group, the area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.876 (95%CI: 0.823-0.927), the sensitivity was 0.735, and the specificity was 0.768. The validation results were good. Conclusion The risk prediction model for postoperative malnutrition in children with intracranial space-occupying lesions constructed in this study has good predictive efficacy and fitting effect. It can provide a reference basis for medical staff to identify high-risk children at an early stage and formulate personalized nutritional support plans, which is helpful to reduce the incidence of postoperative malnutrition and improve the prognosis of children. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Professor Wang Xuefeng's experience in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder based on liver and kidney Bowen XU, Bin XIE, Xuefeng WANG 2025, 17 (4):  336-339.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.011 Abstract ( 4 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (511KB) ( 2 )   Save The number of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder increases year by year, often accompanied by comorbidities and with longer course of disease, and it is easy to reoccur. At present, the main treatment methods in Western medicine include drug and behavior therapy, psychological counseling, family support and other non-drug therapies, but the clinical efficacy does not last long; especially, the safety and side effects of long-term drug therapy for children need to be taken seriously. Clinical practice has proved that Chinese medicine has a unique advantage in the treatment of ADHD, with significant improvement in symptoms and long-lasting curative effect. ADHD belongs to the categories of "visceral dysphoria", "agitation", "deafness", and "amnesia" in traditional Chinese medicine. Professor Wang Xuefeng has inherited and developed the "Qingren therapy" in pediatrics of Liao School of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the physical characteristics of "Yin often being deficient" and the physiological characteristics of "liver often being excessive" and "kidney often being deficient" in children, he proposes that the disorder of liver and kidney is an important cause of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Treatment focus should be to regulate the liver and kidney. Qiju Dihuang pill and Tianma Gouteng drink with modification are commonly used to treat ADHD based on liver and kidney, which often results in good effect. This article analyzes Professor Wang's treatment for ADHD based on liver and kidney, including the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment methods, aiming at providing new ideas and methods for clinical treatment of ADHD. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment for childhood obesity combined with precocious puberty based on entropy disease theory Guiwen LI, Shangan SI, Guiju ZHANG 2025, 17 (4):  340-345.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.012 Abstract ( 6 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (688KB) ( 1 )   Save Based on the principle of orderliness and principle of functionality in systematic Chinese medicine, this paper discusses the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity combined with precocious puberty in children. The human body is a typical dissipative structure which regulates itself and resists "entropy increase" through constantly eliminating accumulated entropy inside and acquiring negative entropy from the outside, that is, the movement of qi, in order to, maintain the "dynamic balance of Yin and Yang" of the body. If the qi transformation of this dissipative structure (the human body) is abnormal, entropy change will be unbalanced, and the human body will be in a disordered and unstable state of "entropy increase". If "accumulated entropy" persists for a long time, it will lead to "entropy disease". Childhood obesity combined with precocious puberty belongs to "broad entropy disease", that is, a disease caused by the decline in the orderliness of life movement. The pathogenesis of obesity combined with precocious puberty in children can be divided into three types: spleen deficiency and loss of circulation lead to the production of phlegm, resulting in prolonged stagnation and accumulated entropy; liver depression leads to blood stasis and fat, and the release of entropy is blocked; there is congenital deficiency of essence and energy, along with a shortage of negative entropy sources. The treatments respectively focus on: regulating, transporting and transforming to regulate the liver and spleen in order to reduce entropy increase; nourishing, reducing and purifying to calm the heart and kidney in order to promote negative entropy; conducting overall syndrome differentiation to restore the order and balance the entropy. This article combines traditional Chinese medicine theory with entropy disease theory, highlights the unique advantages of the holistic concept of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of modern pediatric diseases from the perspective of "regulating the function of dissipative structure", reveals the nature of childhood obesity combined with precocious puberty, which is "imbalance of the body's orderliness", and elaborates on the pathogenesis evolution of childhood obesity combined with precocious puberty from the perspective of entropy disease, aiming to open up the treatment ideas for this disease. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment for pediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura based on the theory of "Xuanfu-Qixue-Luomai" Yanli CUI, Li XU 2025, 17 (4):  346-350.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.013 Abstract ( 14 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (655KB) ( 1 )   Save Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura(HSP) is a common bleeding disease in children, and the incidence of HSP has been on the rise in recent years. Xuanfu, Qixue, and Luomai are closely related, and the pathological changes of Xuanfu-Qixue-Luomai axis are the microscopic manifestation of HSP. Xuanfu depression is the beginning of the onset of the disease, the disharmony of Qixue runs through the course of the disease, and the damage to the Luomai is the end of the disease. In the acute stage, the aim is mainly to dispel pathogens, attention is paid to regulating the Xuanfu-Qixue-Luomai axis, and treatment is to open Xuanfu, harmonize Qixue, and unclog Luomai. During the deferment period, the aim is to strengthen the body's resistance, and attention is paid to the regulation of viscera. The method of promoting blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis runs throughout the treatment. Based on the "Xuanfu-Qixue-Luomai" theory, this article explores the pathogenesis and the treatment strategies of childhood Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura, providing new ideas for the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of this disease. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An analysis of the experience in the treatment of pediatric chronic urticaria based on the theory of lung heat Hangbo LIN, Liping SUN 2025, 17 (4):  351-354.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.014 Abstract ( 14 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (552KB) ( 4 )   Save Chronic urticaria is one of the common skin diseases in children, and the disease is often protracted and difficult to cure. Considering the characteristics of children, which include that their viscera are delicate and their qi and shape are not yet sufficient, and that their diseases are often related to yang and heat, Professor Sun Liping believes that the key pathogenesis of the occurrence and development of chronic urticaria is "the wind-evil is hidden in the lung heat, and the disease is triggered by external pathogens". Lung heat runs through the whole process of the disease. It is also pointed out that the root of this disease lies in deficiency of healthy qi, the key lies in lung heat, and the manifestation lies in itchy skin. In clinical practice, the treatment principle of "regulating the lung, clearing heat, enhancing the defensive qi and strengthening the healthy qi" is followed, with emphasis on the "regulation method", in order to protect and preserve body fluid and qi. Professor Sun has formulated the "Tiaojin Xiaozhen decoction" on his own, which has a definite clinical curative effect. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Differential treatment by stages for mycoplasma pneumonia in children based on the theory of "Xuanfu-Qiye-Luomai" of the lung Yuechen SUN, Ru XU, Weiwei LIU, Yadong LI 2025, 17 (4):  355-358.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.015 Abstract ( 5 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (582KB) ( 1 )   Save Based on the theory of "Xuanfu-Qiye-Luomai" of the lung, the pathogenic basis of mycoplasma pneumonia in children should be the deficiency and stagnation of the Luomai inside the body. Moreover, the invasion of heat toxins leads to the congestion and closure of Xuanfu of the lung and the abnormal circulation of Qiye, resulting in mycoplasma pneumonia. Therefore, on the basis of opening Xuanfu, regulating Qiye, and tonifying deficiency and unblocking Luomai, the treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia should be staged. In the initial stage, pungent and dispersing drugs should be flexibly used to open Xuanfu of the lung. In the middle stage, heat-clearing and phlegm-resolving drugs should be skillfully used to promote the circulation of Qiye. In the final stage, drugs for tonifying deficiency and unblocking Luomai should be properly used to support the body's vital energy and eliminate both visible and invisible pathogenic factors within Xuanfu, so as to ensure the opening of Xuanfu and the smooth circulation of Qiye, which is expected to provide a new perspective for the differential treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-phase treatment for children with allergic rhinitis with wind-cold syndrome of the lung meridian based on the "Ying-Wei theory" combined with syndrome differentiation of viscera Weizhuo LIU, Liping SUN 2025, 17 (4):  359-362.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.016 Abstract ( 12 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (545KB) ( 1 )   Save Allergic rhinitis in children is a common clinical disease, and wind-cold syndrome of the lung meridian is the most common clinical evidence. Based on the theory of “Ying and Wei”, Prof. Sun Liping believes that during the attack period the onset of allergic rhinitis is due to wind-cold attacking the lungs and the lungs' lack of dispersing and descending function, which leads to the disharmony between Ying and Wei and causes the gas to stop working, resulting in obstruction of nasal orifices; the treatment should focus on dispersing and smoothing qi, supplemented by relieving the symptoms and unblocking the nasal orifices, and the self-made Xuanfei Libi decoction with modification is often used. In the remission period during which the spleen is deficient and not functioning and Ying and Wei are stagnant, phlegm and stasis are stagnated in the nose; the treatment is to tonify the spleen and stomach, supplemented by eliminating phlegm, transforming stasis and unblocking the nose orifices, and Yupingfeng powder with flavor is often used. During the stable period, there is deficiency of favorable qi, and the disease is likely to reoccur, so kidneys should be paid attention to in order to strengthen the foundation and nourish the vital energy, and Gufang decoction with modification is often used. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A survey on the current situation of parenting difficulties in newborns' mothers and analysis of influencing factors Zhenye LIU, Taotao LI, Qingling GUO, Li FAN 2025, 17 (4):  363-367.  doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.2025.04.017 Abstract ( 9 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (550KB) ( 1 )   Save Objective To learn about the current situation of parenting difficulties in newborns' mothers and the influencing factors. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select the mothers of 131 newborns as the research subjects, who were hospitalized in the Neonatal Department of Hunan Children's Hospital from September 2022 to October 2023. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire for Newborn Mothers, the Chinese version of the Parenting Support Questionnaire for Baby Mothers, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Chinese version of the Parenting Competence Scale. Results The score of the parenting difficulties in newborns' mothers was 3.00（2.00, 5.00） points, which was significantly negatively correlated with the total score of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (r=-0.876, P<0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with the Chinese version of the Parenting Competence Scale (r=-0.773，P<0.01). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the educational level of mothers, average monthly income of families, self-efficacy level and parenting competence were the main factors affecting the level of parenting difficulties (P<0.05). Conclusion The level of parenting difficulties in newborns' mothers is high. Medical staff should pay special attention to mothers with lower educational levels, lower average monthly family income, and lower levels of self-efficacy and parenting competence, and reduce their parenting difficulty level through individualized intervention. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics