关键词: 慢性咳嗽, 迁延性细菌性支气管炎, 支气管肺泡灌洗液, 儿童

Abstract: Chronic cough is a common symptom of respiratory diseases in children，protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is the common cause of chronic cough in children worldwide.PBB refers to a persistent infection of the endobronchial membrane caused by bacteria，and is characterised by an antibiotic-responsive wet cough persisting for longer than 4 weeks.Bacterial culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid has shown Haemophilus influenza,Streptococcus pneumonia and Moraxella catarrhalis to be the main pathogens.The occurrence of PBB is related to bacterial biofilm formation in the airway,impaired mucociliary clearance,systemic immune disorder,and airway anomalies Currently,the mainstay of PBB treatment is a 2-week therapy with antibiotics,such as amoxicillin-clavulanate,to eradicate the infection and restore epithelial integrity.PBB is considered as forerunner of other chronic respiratory diseases like bronchiectasis and chronic suppurative pneumonia.Currently,PBB hasn′t been fully recognized by most pediatricians in China. This article reviews the protracted bacterial bronchitis in children concerning the etiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnostic criteria,and treatment.

Key words: Chronic cough, Protracted bacterial bronchitis, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, Children