关键词: 急性感染性腹泻, 临床特点, 病原体, 儿童

Abstract: Objective To analyze the clinical features and etiology features of children with acute infectious diarrhea, and to provide basis for the clinical treatment and prevention strategy of the disease.
Methods The clinical data (demographic data, related living habits, disease data records, etc.) of 360 children with acute infectious diarrhea who were diagnosed and treated in pediatric department of our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively collected. Fecal specimens were collected for pathogen detection. The main detection contents included 8 kinds of common bacteria and 6 kinds of viruses causing diarrhea in children. Summary and analysis were performed.
Results There was no significant difference in age distribution among children with different genders(P>0.05). The onset age was concentrated within 5 years(89.17%). The diarrhea frequency of 3 to 5 times/d was the most common, complicated with fever, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. The proportion of people living in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. The proportion of people with habits such as washing hands before meals, washing hands after using bathroom, no drinking of raw water and regular cutting of nails was less than 50%. Among the 360 fecal specimens, the total detection rate for common pathogens was 49.17%(177/360), including detection rate for pathogenic bacteria (15.56%,56/360) and detection rate for viral nucleic acid(33.61%,121/360). There was no significant difference in detection rate for pathogens between 2017 and 2018(P>0.05). The pathogens that were detected out were mainly Salmonella and enterodiarrheal Escherichia coli, and the viruses were mainly rotavirus and norovirus. There was no difference in the detection rate of common bacteria or viruses between 2017 and 2018(P>0.05). The proportion of acute bacterial diarrhea in autumn and summer was significantly higher than that in spring and winter(P<0.05), but the proportion of pathogenic bacteria in different seasons was not statistically different(P>0.05); the proportion of acute viral diarrhea in autumn and winter was significantly higher than that in spring and summer(P<0.05), and the proportion of rotavirus in winter was significantly higher than that in other seasons, and norovirus in autumn was significantly higher than that in other seasons(P<0.05).
Conclusion From 2017 to 2018, the children with acute infectious diarrhea in the hospital are characterized by low age, poor self or family health, frequent onset in autumn and winter, bacterial and viral infections. The viruses are mainly rotavirus and norovirus. The pathogens are mainly Salmonella and entero-diarrheal Escherichia coli. Accordingly, the relevant departments should take corresponding measures to control incidence of acute infectious diarrhea in children.

Key words: Child, Acute infectious diarrhea, Clinical feature, Pathogen