ISSN 1674-3865  CN 21-1569/R
主管：国家卫生健康委员会
主办：中国医师协会
　　　辽宁省基础医学研究所
　　　辽宁中医药大学附属医院
中国中西医结合儿科学

中国中西医结合儿科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (2): 173-178.doi: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.02.016

• 调查研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京市城郊区1 479例3～14岁儿童中医体质分布特点

辛晓卉, 李敏, 王亚晶, 李发军, 邱小金   

  1. 100010 北京，首都医科大学附属北京中医医院儿科（辛晓卉，李敏，李发军，邱小金）；100020 北京，首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院中医科（李敏，王亚晶）

  • 收稿日期:2024-08-26 出版日期:2025-04-25 上线日期:2025-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 李敏，E-mail：limin@bjzhongyi.com
  • 基金资助:
    北京市医院管理中心儿科学科协同发展中心儿科专项（XTYB201811） 

Characteristics of TCM constitution distribution in 1 479 children aged 3 to 14 in urban and suburban areas of Beijing

XIN Xiaohui1，LI Min1,2，WANG Yajing2，LI Fajun1，QIU Xiaojin1   

  1. 1Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100010，China；2Children′s Hospital affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics，Beijing 100020，China
  • Received:2024-08-26 Published:2025-04-25 Online:2025-04-25
  • Contact: LI Min，E-mail：limin@bjzhongyi.com

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摘要： 目的:调查北京市城区、郊区3～14岁儿童中医体质类型，并从区域、年龄、性别3个维度探索其分布特点。方法:选取2020年4月16日至2022年6月30日北京市东城区、密云区两所幼儿园的3～6岁儿童及同期在首都医科大学附属北京中医医院儿科和首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院招募的3～14岁健康儿童作为研究对象。使用前期研究自制的《3～6岁儿童中医体质量表》和《7～14岁儿童中医体质量表》，通过微信程序及现场调查对北京市城、郊区的3～14岁儿童进行中医体质调查，从性别、年龄、区域3个维度分析中医体质分布特点。结果:收集有效问卷1 479份，其中男821例，女658例；3～6岁910例，7～14岁569例。(1)儿童中医体质占比由高到低依次为特禀质（44.9%，664/1 479）、阴虚质（42.5%，629/1 479）、阳热质（40.6% 601/1 479）、平和质（29.3%，433/1 479）、气郁质（23.4%，346/1 479）、气虚质（14.3%，211/1 479）、阳虚质（11.6%，172/1 479）、湿热质（10.3%，152/1 479）、痰湿质（6.5%，96/1 479）、血亏质（3.9%，22/569）;(2)城郊区儿童各体质类型比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;(3)按年龄段划分，7～14岁（学龄期）儿童平和质占比为33.4%（190/569），高于3～6岁（学龄前）儿童26.7%（243/910），阴虚质、湿热质及阳热质占比分别为29.2%（166/569）、7.9%（45/569）、32.7%（186/569），均低于3～6岁（学龄前）儿童50.9%（463/910）、11.8%（107/910）、45.6%（415/910），差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;(4)按性别划分，男童特禀质占比为49.2%（404/821），高于女童39.5%（260/658），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:北京市1 479例3～14岁儿童中医体质以偏颇体质为主，其中特禀、阴虚、阳热体质占比较高。年龄、性别因素均与北京其中医体质分布具有相关性。

关键词:


Abstract:

Objective:To investigate the types of TCM constitution in children aged 3 to 14 in urban and suburban areas of Beijing,and explore the distribution characteristics from the three dimensions of region,age and gender.
Methods:The research subjects included the children aged 3 to 6 years who were at the two kindergartens of Dongcheng District and Miyun District of Beijing from April 16,2020 to June 30,2022,and the children aged 3 to 14 years who were recruited from Pediatric Department of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University and Children′s Hospital affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics during the same period.The self made "3  to 6 year old children′s TCM constitution scale" and "7  to 14 year old children′s TCM constitution scale" developed during the previous studies were used to investigate the type of TCM constitution in children aged 3 to 14 in urban and suburban areas of Beijing through WeChat program and on site surveys.The characteristics of TCM constitution distribution were analyzed from the three dimensions of gender,age and region.
Results:A total of 1 479 valid questionnaires were collected,including 821 male cases and 658 female cases;there were 910 children aged 3 to 6 years and 569 children aged 7 to 14 years.(1)The proportion of TCM constitution from high to low was inherited special constitution (44.9%,664/1 479),yin deficiency constitution (42.5%,629/1 479),yang heat constitution (40.6%,601/1 479),balanced constitution (29.3%,433/1 479),qi stagnation constitution (23.4%,346/1 479),qi deficiency constitution (14.3%,211/1 479),yang deficiency constitution (11.6%,172/1 479),dampness heat constitution (10.3%,152/1 479),phlegm dampness constitution (6.5%,96/1 479) and blood deficiency constitution (3.9%,22/569).(2)There were no statistical differences in the constitution of children in urban and suburban areas（P>0.05).(3)Based on age,the proportion of balanced constitution in children between 7 and 14 years old (school age) was 33.4%(190/569),higher than that in children aged 3 to 6 years (preschool) (26.7%,243/910);the proportions of yin deficiency constitution,dampness heat constitution and yang heat constitution were 29.2%(166/569),7.9%(45/569) and 32.7%(186/569),respectively (P>0.05),which were all lower than those of 3  to 6 year old children (preschool),being 50.9%（463/910）,11.8%（107/910） and 45.6%（415/910）,respectively;the differences were of statistical significance (P<0.05).(4)Based on gender,the proportion of inherited special constitution of boys was 49.2%(404/821),higher than that of girls (39.5%,260/658),the difference being statistical (P<0.05).
Conclusion:The 1 479 cases of 3  to 14 year old children in Beijing are mainly with biased constitutions,of which the proportion of inherited special constitution,yin deficiency constitution and yang heat constitution is relatively high.The distribution of TCM constitution is related to age and gender in Beijing.

Key words: TCM constitution, Constitution scale, Epidemiological investigation, Child