Abstract: Group A hemolytic streptococcus(GAS) is gram-positive cocci, which can cause diseases all over the world. The incidence rate in children is higher than that in adults. After infection, it can cause a variety of diseases. The infection ranges from superficial infections (pharyngitis and local skin infections), to invasive infection (toxic shock due to GAS infection), and it can also cause autoimmune diseases. At present, the treatment for streptococcal infection has not been standardized. Penicillin is the first choice for the symptoms and signs of acute infection. Azithromycin, erythromycin, and vancomycin are theother choice drugs for patients with penicillin allergy. Systemic anti-infection treatment can reduce long-term complications. 

Key words: Group A hemolytic streptococcus, Pharyngitis, Rheumatic carditis, Arthritis, Glomerulonephritis, Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders