Abstract: Postinfection-bronchiolitis obliterans in children is the most common bronchiolitis obliterans in children. The pathological features are small airway stenosis and occlusion in lung, and pulmonary fibrosis. Clinical manifestations mainly include persistent cough and asthma, polypnea and dyspnea，with poor prognosis. The diagnosis also depends on the related auxiliary examinations. In the treatment, glucocorticoid drugs can be used as the targeted therapy drugs, and the macrolides, leukotriene receptor antagonist and oxygen therapy are also useful. Because of the poor prognosis, transplantation is feasible in very few children.

Key words: Bronchiolitis obliteran, Postinfection, Diagnosis, Treatment, Children