Abstract: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of common respiratory pathogens in children.It not only can cause respiratory manifestations,but also can cause extrapulmonary manifestations.The diseases affecting the nervous system,both the peripheral (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS),are the most severe.In some cases,particularly when the CNS is involved,M.pneumoniae-related neuropathies can lead to death or persistent neurologic problems.The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in the central nervous system is not high by serologic examination,and it was difficult to detect MP in CSF.As the pathogenesis of MP infection in central nervous system is still unclear,its treatment is still controversial in clinical practice

Key words: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Central nervous system, Pathogenesis, Treatment, Children