Abstract: Objective To investigate the influence of respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) on the neuropsychological development of preterm infants at the age of 1 year. MethodsA total of 240 preterm infants who were born in our hospital from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2019 hospitalized in the NICU and followed up for one year after discharge in the high-risk infant clinic were selected as the study subjects. According to the diagnosis, the preterm infants were divided into the RDS group(n=99) and the non-RDS group(n=141), and the neuropsychological development of preterm infants at corrected gestational age of 1 year were evaluated by the Gesell Scale. Results At the corrected gestational age of 1 year, the DQ of adaptability, great motor ability, fine motor ability and personal social ability of RDS preterm infants was behind that of non-RDS preterm infants, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05), while the difference in language development DQ was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The abnormal DQ rates(DQ<85 points) in the five energy regions of RDS preterm infants were significantly higher than those of non-RDS preterm infants, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to correct the relevant influencing factors, and it was found that compared with non-RDS preterm infants, RDS preterm infants had a higher risk of abnormal development of adaptive ability and language ability(OR=0.460/0.734,P<0.05). Conclusion The neuropsychological development of RDS preterm infants falls behind that of non-RDS preterm infants at the age of 1 year, and the rate of neurodevelopmental abnormality is increased. Clinical attention should be paid to the follow-up care and early intervention of RDS preterm infants. 

Key words:

Respiratory distress syndrome, Neuropsychological development, Follow-up, Preterm infants