Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of montelukast sodium combined with interferon α-2b on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), cysteine leukotriene (CysLTs), and eosinophils cationic protein(ECP), pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) levels and rehabilitation process in children with respiratory syncytial virus-infected bronchiolitis.Methods A total of 128 children with RSV-infected bronchiolitis treated in our hospital from February 2018 to February 2019 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group of 64 cases each. The control group was given oxygen inhalation and antipyretic and sedative treatment, cough and phlegm relieving therapy, and intramuscular injection of recombinant human interferon α-2b. The observation group was treated with montelukast sodium, 4 mg orally every night before sleep in addition to the treatment for control group. Changes in serum IL-6, CysLTs, ECP and SP-D levels, and relief of clinical symptoms were compared between the two groups of children before and after treatment.Results Before treatment, there was no statistical difference in serum IL-6, CysLTs, ECP, or SP-D levels between the two groups of children(P>0.05). After treatment, serum IL-6, CysLTs, ECP, and SP-D levels in the two groups were lower than before treatment, and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group, the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05). The relief time of cough, wheezing and lung moist rales, the oxygen treatment time and the hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The total effective rate in the observation group was 96.9%(62/64), which was higher than the control group(79.7%,51/64), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Montelukast sodium combined with interferon alpha-2b has a synergistic anti-inflammatory effect on bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus infection in children, which can effectively improve the level of inflammatory factors, shorten the rehabilitation process, and improve clinical efficacy.

Key words: Bronchiolitis, Respiratory syncytial virus, Montelukast sodium, Recombinant human interferon alpha-2b, Inflammatory factor