Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to introduce Professor Ding Ying's experience in the treatment of pediatric refractory nephrotic syndrome. Professor Ding Ying believes that deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality are the main pathogenesis of pediatric refractory nephrotic syndrome, and the accumulation of evil qi is the main factor that distinguishes refractory nephrotic syndrome from general nephrotic syndrome. Therefore, under the guidance of Zhang Zihe's theory of "removing pathogenic factors for the reinforcement of vital qi", we should pay attention to the elimination of evil qi on the basis of supporting healthy qi, in order to achieve the therapeutic effect of "treating disease without evil, and removing pathogenic factors for the reinforcement of vital qi"，and the clinical effect is quite significant.

Key words: Refractory nephrotic syndrome, Removing pathogenic factors for the reinforcement of vital qi, Pediatric