Abstract: Objective To investigate and analyze the risk factors of intrauterine infectious pneumonia in preterm infants, and to explore its etiological distribution. Methods From January 2019 to August 2021, 60 premature infants with intrauterine infectious pneumonia and 60 healthy premature infants in our hospital were selected as research objects, which were set as observation group and control group.The data of preterm infants and their mothers in the observation group and the control group were compared, the risk factors of infectious pneumonia during intrauterine period in preterm infants were analyzed. The throat swab samples of premature infants with intrauterine infectious pneumonia were collected for bacterial culture, and the distribution of pathogenic bacteria of premature infants with intrauterine infectious pneumonia was counted. Results Univariate analysis showed that between the observation group and the control group， there was statistical difference in amniotic fluid pollution,fetal distress, chorioamnionitis, maternal C reactive protein, late pregnancy fever, gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus (P<0.05); there were no statistically significant differences in maternal age, previous fertility, gestational age or fetal gender between the two groups(P>0.05). Multivariate Logistics regression analysis showed that amniotic fluid pollution, intrauterine distress, chorioamnionitis, maternal C-reactive protein ≥8.0 mg/L, fever in the third trimester, hypertension during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus were the risk factors leading to intrauterine infectious pneumonia in premature infants(P<0.05). Among 60 cases of premature infants with intrauterine infectious pneumonia, 85 strains were isolated by pathogen culture, including 59 strains of gram-negative bacteria, 20 strains of gram-positive bacteria and 6 strains of fungi. Conclusion The occurrence of intrauterine infectious pneumonia in premature infants is mainly related to amniotic fluid pollution, intrauterine distress, chorioamnionitis, maternal C-reactive protein, fever in the third trimester, hypertension during pregnancy,and gestational diabetes mellitus. Targeted preventive measures should be taken according to the risk factors, and prevention and treatment strategies should be formulated according to the distribution types of pathogenic bacteria of intrauterine infectious pneumonia in premature infants.

Key words:

Infectious pneumonia, Intrauterine infection, Risk factors, Premature infants