Abstract: Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and related risk factors for NEC.Methods A total of 160 premature infants delivered in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were randomly selected.They were divided into NEC group and non-NEC group according to the presence or absence of NEC.The clinical data of the two groups were compared,and the relevant factors affecting the occurrence of NEC in premature infants were summarized by binary logistic regression analysis. Results The onset time of premature infants in NEC group was 1 to 22 days after birth,and the main clinical manifestations were bloody stool,abdominal distension,vomiting,decreased bowel sounds,decreased muscle tone,and intestinal perforation.There was no statistically significant difference between the NEC group and the non NEC group in terms of gender,gestational age,Apgar score at 1 minute of birth,delivery method,maternal gestational diseases,or the incidence of premature rupture of membranes(P>0.05).There were statistical differences in artificial feeding rate,neonatal asphyxia rate,blood transfusion rate,and sepsis incidence between NEC group and non NEC group (P<0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that breastfeeding and preventive use of probiotics were protective factors for NEC in premature infants,while neonatal asphyxia,blood transfusion,and sepsis were independent risk factors for NEC in premature infants (P<0.05).Conclusion NEC is most likely to occur in premature infants,the clinical manifestations of NEC are diverse,and its incidence is related to multiple factors such as neonatal asphyxia,blood transfusion,and sepsis.Pure breastfeeding and preventive use of probiotics can reduce the risk of NEC in premature infants.In clinical practice,prevention can be actively carried out based on the risk factors related to the occurrence of NEC in premature infants to minimize the risk of NEC in premature infants.

Key words:

Necrotizing enterocolitis, Premature infant, Clinical characteristics, Influencing factor