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25 June 2023, Volume 15 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Clinical effect analysis of different palliative operation methods for pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect JIANG Na, SHI Qiqi, YE Ming. 2023, 15 (3):  185-189.  Abstract ( 71 )   PDF (917KB) ( 151 )   Save ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy between the systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt surgery and palliative right ventricular to pulmonary artery (RV-PA) connection in patients with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 49 children with PA/VSD who received palliative surgery in the Pediatric Hospital of Fudan University from January 2001 to June 2021,and compared the perioperative results and therapeutic effect of the two kinds of palliative surgery as well as the postoperative pulmonary vascular development.ResultsMedian follow-up time was 2.4 (1.2,3.3) years.There were no significant differences in the early postoperative mortality,complication rate,postoperative mechanical ventilation time,CCU retention time or the interval between two operations between the systemic-to-pulmonary shunt group(n=31) and the palliative RV-PA connection group(n=18)(P>0.05).Postoperative percutaneous oxygen saturation,McGoon ratio and Nakata index were increased in both groups compared with those before surgery (P<0.05).Postoperative percutaneous oxygen saturation in the palliative RV-PA connection group was higher than that in the systemic-to-pulmonary shunt group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).ConclusionBoth palliative RV-PA connection and systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt surgery can promote pulmonary artery development in children with PA/VSD,among which the improvement in postoperative oxygenation is more obvious in the palliative RV-PA connection group Related Articles | Metrics

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Value of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and serum albumin combined with prothrombin time in assessing the severity of heart failure in children JIANG Fang, PAN Jinyong, DING Shupei, LIN Zhaotang. 2023, 15 (3):  190-194.  Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (881KB) ( 34 )   Save ObjectiveTo explore the value of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and serum albumin(ALB) combined with prothrombin time(PT) in judging the development and prognosis of heart failure in children.MethodsThe clinical data of 50 children with heart failure was retrospectively analyzed,and the children were divided into cardiac function grade Ⅱ group(n=15),cardiac function Ⅲ group(n=14) and cardiac function Ⅳ group(n=21) according to modified Ross heart function grading,and into survival group(n=31） and death group(n=19) according to prognosis.The levels of ALT,AST,ALB and PT among the groups were compared,and the correlation between ALT,AST,ALB,PT,Ross cardiac function classes and death from heart failure was analyzed.ResultsThe median ALT level of all children with heart failure was 95.0(141.2) U/L,AST was 60.9(79.1) U/L,ALB was 35.3(7.1) g/L,and PT was (19.64±2.62)s.The differences in ALB,AST,ALT and PT among cardiac function grade Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Except for the difference in ALB between cardiac function grade Ⅱ group and Ⅲ group(P>0.05),the differences in ALB,ALT and PT were statistically significant(P<0.05) between each two groups among other groups.There was a negative correlation between the degree of heart failure and ALB grade in all children(rs=-0.375,P<0.05),a positive correlation with ALT grade(rs=0.747,P<0.001),no correlation with AST grade(rs=0.275,P>0.05),and a positive correlation with PT grade(rs=0.352,P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis found that the higher the Ross cardiac function level,the higher the ALT value(OR=1.018,95%CI:1.006-1.030) and the higher the AST value(OR=1.010,95%CI:1.001-1.020),the greater the risk of death in children with cardiac exhaustion.ConclusionALT,AST and ALB combined with PT,and modified Ross cardiac function grading can assess the severity of heart failure,and ALT combined with modified Ross grading score has important clinical significance in evaluating the prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of inhaled nitric oxide on oxygen supply status,left heart function and platelet aggregation in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension SONG Yanli, FAN Qingqing, ZHENG Yingli. 2023, 15 (3):  195-198.  Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (802KB) ( 3 )   Save ObjectiveTo explore the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) on oxygen supply status,left heart function and platelet aggregation in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN).MethodsA total of 80 children with PPHN admitted to our hospital from April 2019 to March 2022 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into the conventional group and the combined group with 40 cases in each group.The conventional group was given high-frequency shock ventilation,and the combined group was given combined inhalation NO.The oxygen supply status,platelet aggregation function,left heart function and outcome of the two groups were compared.ResultsThe results of covariance analysis showed that the levels of blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) and blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) at the end of 72h of intervention in the combined group were higher than those in the conventional group;the oxygenation index was lower than that of the conventional group;the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The platelet aggregation rate,P-selectin and platelet membrane glycoprotein (GPⅡb/Ⅲa) levels in the combined group at the end of 72h after intervention were lower than those in the conventional group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the early peak diastolic velocity (em) of left ventricular mitral ring between the two groups at the end of 72h after intervention (P>0.05).Left ventricular systolic peak velocity (sm) and left ventricular output in combined group were higher than those in conventional group at the end of 72h after intervention,and Tei index was lower than that in conventional group,the differences being of statistical significance (P<0.05).By Fisher′s exact probability test,the fatality rate was 0.00% (0/40) in the combined group and 7.50% (3/40) in the conventional group,the differences being of no statistical significance (P=0.241).ConclusionInhalation of NO can regulate the left heart function,improve the oxygen supply status,regulate the platelet aggregation function and improve the survival rate of PPHN children. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of metagenomic next generation sequencing in the diagnosis of respiratory infectious diseases in children LAI Dingxiang, ZHENG Jishan, PAN Yun, ZHOU Ying, LI Haibo. 2023, 15 (3):  199-202.  Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (816KB) ( 38 )   Save Respiratory tract infection is the most common infection in children,which seriously threatens the life and health of children.Early identification of pathogens is of great significance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of such diseases.Metagenomic next generation sequencing(mNGS) has the advantages of unbiasedness,full coverage and high efficiency,and is now being applied to clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases.This article introduces the application value of mNGS in children′s respiratory infectious diseases through a series of examples. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on glucocorticoid-induced eye damage in children with primary nephrotic syndrome PAN Ruiying 2023, 15 (3):  203-207.  Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (839KB) ( 70 )   Save Primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is one of the most common glomerular diseases in children.Long-term oral glucocorticoids are recognized as the first-line treatment for PNS.Long-term use of glucocorticoids can lead to eye damage such as high eye pressure,glaucoma and cataracts.This article reviews the epidemiology,risk factors,pathogenesis,diagnosis,clinical manifestations,clinical management and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced eye damage in PNS.By establishing early screening,early diagnosis and early treatment of eye damage in PNS children during long-term glucocorticoid therapy,we hope to effectively ensure children′s eye health. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on several problems of acute upper respiratory tract infection WANG Hai, LIU Jia′nan 2023, 15 (3):  207-210.  Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (808KB) ( 10 )   Save "Acute upper respiratory tract infection" is elaborated in the chapter of "Respiratory Diseases" in every edition of the "Pediatrics" textbook.After years of teaching and clinical practice,the author found some problems worthy of consideration,such as the confusion of diseases included in "acute upper respiratory tract infection",which is a standardized disease name,the vague concept of acute nasopharyngitis,and the unclear chapter to which influenza belongs.The paper discusses the meaning and scope of "acute upper respiratory tract infection" by referring to authoritative books and literatures at home and abroad and combining the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).It is suggested that the section of "acute upper respiratory tract infection" should be changed to "common cold",the content of herpangina and pharyngo-conjunctival fever should be deleted,and the section of influenza should be included in the chapter of "Infectious Diseases" in "Pediatrics" textbook,which makes the presentation and description of diseases in the textbook more scientific and standardized,and makes it be in line with domestic and foreign textbooks and the International Classification of Diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of modified vestibular rehabilitation training on gross motor function and muscle tension in children with spastic cerebral palsy YU Chaonan, SHANG Qing, LYU Nan, WAN Kai. 2023, 15 (3):  211-215.  Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (856KB) ( 141 )   Save ObjectiveTo observe the effect of modified vestibular rehabilitation training on gross motor function and muscle tension of children with spastic cerebral palsy,and to provide a new method for rehabilitation of children with spastic cerebral palsy.MethodsFrom November 2021 to May 2022,40 children with spastic cerebral palsy who met the inclusion criteria in the Rehabilitation Medical Center of Children ′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 20 cases in each group.Both groups were given routine rehabilitation training for intervention,and the observation group was supplemented with modified vestibular rehabilitation training on the basis of routine rehabilitation training.The gross motor function measure-88(GMFM-88),modified Ashworth scale(MAS) and surface electromyography(sEMG) were used for evaluation before treatment and 8 weeks after treatment.The sEMG of the gastrocnemius and adductor muscles were observed and the average electromyogram(AEMG) was recorded.ResultsAfter 8 weeks of treatment,GMFM-88,MAS,and AEMG of the gastrocnemius and adductor surface in the passive state were significantly improved in the two groups(P<0.05).After treatment,the GMFM-88 score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the MAS score,gastrocnemius AEMG score and adductor AEMG score were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).ConclusionThe modified vestibular rehabilitation training based on conventional rehabilitation treatment can effectively improve gross motor function and reduce muscle tension in children with spastic cerebral palsy,and improve the quality of life of children Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study of budesonide combined with heating humidification high frequency oscillatory ventilation in the treatment of severe premature respiratory distress syndrome LI Fang, LI Pingping 2023, 15 (3):  216-220.  Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (851KB) ( 165 )   Save ObjectiveTo explore the clinical effect of budesonide combined with heating humidification high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in the treatment of severe premature respiratory distress syndrome.MethodsA total of 120 premature infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome who were treated in our hospital from August 2020 to August 2022 were randomly divided into the experimental group (60 cases) and the control group (60 cases) by random number table method.Both groups of children were treated with heating humidification high-frequency oscillatory ventilation,and the experimental group was treated with budesonide on this basis.The clinical effects of the two groups were compared.The blood gas indexes,inflammatory factors and lung function indexes of the two groups were compared before and after treatment.The withdrawal failure and complications of the two groups were compared.ResultsThere was no significant difference in PaO2,PaCO2,pH,OI,CC16 and BMP-7 levels between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,PaO2 and pH in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group,and PaCO2,OI,CC16 and BMP-7 levels were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,PaO2 and pH at each time point in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment,and PaCO2,OI,CC16 and BMP-7 levels were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05).After treatment,VPEF/VE,VT and TPEF/TE in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was 96.7%(58/60),which was not significantly different from 90.0%(54/60) in the control group(P>0.05).The incidence of complications in the experimental group was 11.7%(7/60),which was significantly lower than 26.7%(16/60) in the control group(P<0.05).ConclusionIn the treatment of premature infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome,budesonide combined with heating and humidification high-frequency oscillation can effectively improve the clinical efficacy,significantly improve the blood gas index,inflammatory factor level and lung function of the children,and reduce the incidence of complications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Congenital muscular dystrophy caused by LAMA2 gene mutation in neonates: a case report CHEN Yixian, TAN Jianqiang, LYU Yanxing, WEI Yijun, JIANG Yongjiang, WEI Ba. 2023, 15 (3):  221-224.  Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (1219KB) ( 55 )   Save ObjectiveTo explore the clinical manifestations,laboratory examination and genetic test results analysis of children with congenital muscular dystrophy caused by LAMA2 gene mutation.MethodsThe clinical data of a child with congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A) were reviewed and the familial LAMA2 mutation was analyzed.ResultsThe child,male,6 months,had decreased muscle tone,limited joint movement and feeding difficulties after birth.Laboratory examination showed a significant increase in creatine myase,and two heterozygous changes of LAMA2 gene were verified by high-throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing: one was the nonsense mutation c.4048C>T from the mother and the other was the splicing mutation c.3556-13T>A from the father.There were backward growth and development and repeated respiratory infections at follow-up.ConclusionThe c.4048C> T and c.3556-13T>A of the LAMA2 may be the pathogenic causes of congenital muscular dystrophy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnostic value of FeNO,total IgE and EOS in children with asthma LIU Kailai 2023, 15 (3):  224-228.  Abstract ( 61 )   PDF (966KB) ( 43 )   Save ObjectiveTo explore the value of fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO),total immunoglobulin E(tIgE) and blood eosinophils(EOS) in the diagnosis of asthma in children.MethodsA total of 46 children with bronchial asthma,who were diagnosed in the First People′s Hospital of Xiangtan city between April to October 2021,were included in the observation group,and 41 children without bronchial asthma were included in the control group.The results of FeNO,tIgE,blood routine examination and pulmonary function test of the two groups were collected,and the levels of FeNO,tIgE and EOS and FEV1% were compared between the two groups.Correlation analysis was also conducted.The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of FeNO,tIgE and EOS for childhood asthma.ResultsThe levels of FeNO,tIgE and EOS in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while the forced expiratory volume in the first second as a percentage of predicted Value(FEV1%) in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(all P<0.05).In the observation group,FeNO,tIgE,and EOS levels were negatively correlated with FEV1%,while tIgE level was positively correlated with FeNO level (all P<0.05).There was no correlation between EOS level and FeNO(P>0.05).The optimal cut-off values of FeNO,tIgE and EOS for diagnosis of child asthma were 19.5 ppb,89.1 IU/mL,and 0.585×109/L,respectively.The specificity and sensitivity of the three indexes combined together for diagnosis of asthma in children were 84.8% and 87.8%,respectively,which were higher than the values of each single index.ConclusionThe elevated levels of FeNO,tIgE and EOS are closely related to the occurrence of childhood asthma.All of them can be used as important diagnostic indexes for childhood asthma.Combination of the three indexes can improve the efficiency and accuracy of the diagnosis of childhood asthma. Related Articles | Metrics

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Significances of detection of T cell subsets，IgE and RANTES in infants with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia ZHANG Songlin, GUO Yanjun, FENG Risheng. 2023, 15 (3):  229-232.  Abstract ( 71 )   PDF (805KB) ( 21 )   Save ObjectiveTo explore the levels of detection of T cell subsets,IgE and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted(RANTES) in infants with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia（RMPP） and their role in pathogenesis of RMPP.MethodsA total of 190 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia were chosen as research subjects,who were treated in children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from Feb.2019 to Aug.2022.They were divided into experimental group (95 children with RMPP),pneumonia group (95 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia) and control group (90 children suspected with tracheostenosis but without pulmonary infection).The expression of CD4+,CD8+ T cells of T cell subsets of peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry.The level of IgE and RANTES were assayed with ELISA technique in their serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.Results(1)The differences in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell expression rates among experimental group,pneumonia group and control group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The CD4/CD8 ratio in experimental group was higher than that in pneumonia group and control group (all P<0.05).(2) Level of IgE in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the experimental group was much higher than that in pneumonia group（P<0.05） and control group（P<0.01） and it was higher in pneumonia group than in control group in their serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（P<0.05）.(3) Level of RANTES in the experimental group was much higher than that in pneumonia group（P<0.05） and control group（P<0.01） and it was higher in pneumonia group than in control group in their serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（P<0.05）.ConclusionT cell subsets,IgE and RANTES are involved in the pathogenesis of RMPP to the regimen of latter two can be used as early detection indicators of RMPP,to optimize the regimen of clinical diagnosis and treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical characteristics of 29 cases of neonatal pseudomonas putida infection LU Yujiao, GAO Xirong, ZHUANG Yan, MA Jinxia, LI Junshuai. 2023, 15 (3):  233-236.  Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (832KB) ( 79 )   Save ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics of neonatal pseudomonas putida infection in our hospital,and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodsThe clinical data of 29 neonatal pseudomonas putida infection treated in the hospital from February 2017 to February 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThe average gestational age of 29 neonates was (33±4)weeks,including 9 full-term babies and 20 premature babies;the average birth weight was (2 187±1 053)g,including 13 very low birth weight infants.All patients were treated with broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs,and were mostly given long-term parenteral nutrition before infection.Twelve patients had mechanical ventilation,11 cases had a surgical history of gastrointestinal disease,and 11 cases had peripheral insertion of central catheters(PICC).The main clinical manifestations were fever,dyspnea,poor response and abdominal distension.Manifestations appeared (22±6)days after birth.Five cases(17.2%) infants were with low white blood cell (WBC) counts,11 cases(37.9%) had thrombocytopenia(<100×109/L),26 cases(89.7%) had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP),with the average CRP level being (64.7±62.5) mg/L;the average PCT level was increased,being (4.4±4.1)μg/L;interleukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly increased in 9 cases,of which interleukin of 4 cases was ＞5 μg/L;hemoglobin level was (101.0±22.8)g/L,and globulin level was (15.6±3.8)g/L,levels being low.Blood culture，sputum culture and bacterial culture of CSF were the identification methods,the bacteria were more sensitive to cefepime,amikacin and levofloxacin,and the prognosis was mostly good after anti-infection treatment.A total of 27 cases (93.1%) were cured and 2 cases (6.9%) died.ConclusionThe neonates infected with pseudomonas putida are mainly blood-borne infections,and premature infants,low birth weight infants and immunocompromised infants are susceptible.Invasive operation increases the risk of infection with this bacteria,and cephalosporins,aminoglycosides and quinolones are preferred as antibiotics.Sensitive antibiotics should be selected for treatment,which has a better prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical characteristics and influencing factors of premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis WAN Chengquan, TANG Chenghe 2023, 15 (3):  237-240.  Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (798KB) ( 6 )   Save ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics of premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and related risk factors for NEC.MethodsA total of 160 premature infants delivered in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were randomly selected.They were divided into NEC group and non-NEC group according to the presence or absence of NEC.The clinical data of the two groups were compared,and the relevant factors affecting the occurrence of NEC in premature infants were summarized by binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe onset time of premature infants in NEC group was 1 to 22 days after birth,and the main clinical manifestations were bloody stool,abdominal distension,vomiting,decreased bowel sounds,decreased muscle tone,and intestinal perforation.There was no statistically significant difference between the NEC group and the non NEC group in terms of gender,gestational age,Apgar score at 1 minute of birth,delivery method,maternal gestational diseases,or the incidence of premature rupture of membranes(P>0.05).There were statistical differences in artificial feeding rate,neonatal asphyxia rate,blood transfusion rate,and sepsis incidence between NEC group and non NEC group (P<0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that breastfeeding and preventive use of probiotics were protective factors for NEC in premature infants,while neonatal asphyxia,blood transfusion,and sepsis were independent risk factors for NEC in premature infants (P<0.05).ConclusionNEC is most likely to occur in premature infants,the clinical manifestations of NEC are diverse,and its incidence is related to multiple factors such as neonatal asphyxia,blood transfusion,and sepsis.Pure breastfeeding and preventive use of probiotics can reduce the risk of NEC in premature infants.In clinical practice,prevention can be actively carried out based on the risk factors related to the occurrence of NEC in premature infants to minimize the risk of NEC in premature infants. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of quality of life and influencing factors in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty FU Xiaoping, WU Yali, DING Dawei. 2023, 15 (3):  241-246.  Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (833KB) ( 24 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the quality of life of girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty and analyze its influencing factors.MethodsThe study was designed as a cluster case-control study.The case group was made up of 135 girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty confirmed in a tertiary A children′s hospital in Hunan Province from June 2021 to November 2022.The control group was made up of 182 girls with normal development attending two primary schools in Changsha during the same period.The general information questionnaire,the Universal Child Quality of Life Scale (PedsQLTM4.0) were used for investigation.ResultsThe total scores of PedsQLTM4.0,physiological function score,emotional function score,social function score,and school performance score of the children in the case group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed that the course of drug treatment,monthly household income,type of caregiver′s occupation,medical insurance,and initial follow-up were all influencing factors of the quality of life of girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty.ConclusionGirls with idiopathic central precocious puberty have a low quality of life,and medical staff should pay more attention in order to improve their quality of life. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Professor Ren Xianzhi′s experience in treating adenoid hypertrophy in children based on "elimination method" HU Yingjie, REN Xianzhi, SUN Fengping 2023, 15 (3):  246-249.  Abstract ( 116 )   PDF (801KB) ( 16 )   Save Adenoid hypertrophy is a common disease in children′s development.At present， Western medicine mainly focuses symptomatic treatment and surgical treatment， but it is easy to recur.In traditional Chinese medicine it is believed that heat， poison， phlegm and blood stasis are the main pathological factors.These pathological factors invade,the collaterals and blood and coagulate at the throat,which results in adenoid hypertrophy.Based on the "elimination method"， Professor Ren Xianzhi carried out his treatment by clearing heat and swelling， removing phlegm and resolving masses， eliminating accumulation and guiding stagnation，and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis，which achieved good clinical results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the pathogenesis of cough variant asthma in children by stages based on the theory of "Xuanfu collaterals" CHE Shuyan, XIE Bin, ZHANG Meng. 2023, 15 (3):  250-254.  Abstract ( 64 )   PDF (825KB) ( 284 )   Save Cough variant asthma (CVA) is the most common cause of chronic cough in children in China.The incidence rate in children is 0.77% to 5.0%.In traditional Chinese medicine some people classify it as "cough",while in western medicine it is also called cough asthma,allergic asthma,etc.Guided by the theory of "Xuanfu-collateral",this paper expounds the correlation between the pathogenesis of CVA in children and Xuanfu-collateral from the three stages of CVA attack,remission and stabilization.The pathogenesis in attack period is characterized by the invasion of outside pathogenic factors,the depression of Xuanfu Qi,and the shortness of collaterals.The treatment is to dispel the wind and relieve symptoms,relieve lung and stop cough,and soothe the collaterals.In the remission stage,the pathogenesis is phlegm and blood stasis,Xuanfu stagnation,and blocked collaterals.The treatment is to invigorate spleen and dry dampness,treat phlegm and blood stasis together,and unblock Xuanfu and collaterals.The pathogenesis of stable stage is deficiency of lung,spleen and kidney,deficiency of Xuanfu and disharmony of collaterals.The treatment principle is to treat lung,spleen and kidney,strengthen the foundation,supplement deficiency and relax collaterals.The paper is aimed to explore the pathogenesis of different periods and put forward corresponding treatment principles,hoping to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Professor Liu Yushu′s clinical experience in treating tic disorder from brain in children QIAN Meijia, MU Chunyu, LIU Yushu, JIANG Kai. 2023, 15 (3):  254-257.  Abstract ( 114 )   PDF (804KB) ( 454 )   Save Professor Liu Yushu applies the holistic concept of traditional Chinese medicine and the disease differentiation of viscera to the comprehensive treatment of tic disorder in children.He is good at treating tic disorder from brain,believing that the disease is associated with the damage of fetus,and the heart and brain are beclouded by phlegm.Therefore,the disease is located mainly in heart and brain,the insufficiency of brains is the root,and wind,phlegm and heat are the manifestations.In the treatment of tic disorder,the key is to keep brains sufficient and healthy,which is assisted by calming liver wind and removing phlegm.The self-made Choudongning granules is taken orally and Pingdong ointment is used for external treatment,with ear acupoint therapy as an assistant treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of massage and acupuncture on cerebral nerve function and cerebral hemodynamics in children with cerebral palsy LU Jing, ZHANG Yufei. 2023, 15 (3):  258-261.  Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (803KB) ( 40 )   Save ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of massage therapy combined with acupuncture on children with cerebral palsy.MethodsA total of 102 children with cerebral palsy admitted to our hospital from March 2019 to March 2022 were selected as research subjects,and were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 51 cases in each group.The control group was given routine rehabilitation training treatment,and the observation group was given meridian massage therapy combined with acupuncture treatment on the basis of the treatment for control group.After 3 months of treatment,the clinical effect,cerebral neurological function,intellectual development and cerebral hemodynamics of the two groups were observed.ResultsAfter 3 months of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 90.20%(46/51),which was higher than that of the control group (72.55%,37/51),and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).After 3 months of treatment,the brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in both groups were increased compared with before treatment,and the observation group was higher than the control group; the neuron-specific enolase and creatine kinase brain isoenzyme levels in both groups were decreased compared with before treatment,and the observation group was lower than the control group,the difference being with statistical significance(P<0.05).After 3 months of treatment,scores in all dimensions of intellectual development in both groups were higher than those before treatment,and the observation group was higher than the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).After 3 months of treatment,cerebral artery systolic peak flow velocity and average blood flow velocity were increased in both groups compared with before treatment,and the observation group was higher than the control group; the vascular pulsation index and vascular resistance index were decreased in both groups,and the observation group was lower than the control group,the differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).ConclusionThe combination of massage therapy with acupuncture therapy in children with cerebral palsy can improve the level of cerebral nerve factors,regulate cerebral hemodynamics,promote the intellectual development of children,and thus improve the clinical efficacy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Medication rules of Chinese medicines in the treatment of pediatric eczema based on the Chinese Medical Classics XIE Yuqing, XIA Lihong.ObjectiveTo study the rules of medication in the treatment of pediatric eczema in ancient medical books.MethodsThe prescriptions for treating pediatric eczema in the Chinese Medical Classics were collected and sorted.The frequency, and the properties, flavor, and meridian tropism of the medicines were analyzed.The methods such as the association rules analysis and cluster analysis were also used.ResultsHigh-frequency drugs for external use included Qingfen(Calomelas), Baifan(Alumen), Huanglian(Rhizomacoptidis), etc., and Gancao(Radix et Rhizomaglycyrrhizae), Fuling(Poria), Chaihu(Radix bupleuri), etc., for internal use.The statistical analysis showed that spicy drugs were mostly used for external use, bitter for internal use, and hepatic meridian for external use, lung meridian for internal use.Drugs with cold properties were used most frequently.Toxic drugs for external use accounted for .%.The strong correlation among external drugs was Baifan-Shechuangzi(Fructuscnidii) and Huanglian-Huangbo(Cortex phellodendrichinensis).For internal use strong correlation existed in Jingjie(Herbaschizonepetae)-Fangfeng(Radix saposhnikoviae) and Zhiqiao(Fructusaurantii)-Jiegeng(Radix platycodonis).ConclusionIn ancient medical books, the external treatment for pediatric eczema is mainly to remove rotten ecrotic muscle and promote the growth of granulation, attack poison and kill insects, and clear heat and dry dampness, while the internal treatment is mainly to remove wind and heat, dry dampness and relieve itching.Drugs for external use are mainly spicy and cold, mainly functioning through the hepatic meridian, drugs for internal use are mainly bitter and cold, mainly functioning through the lung meridian. 2023, 15 (3):  262-267.  Abstract ( 56 )   PDF (1186KB) ( 8 )   Save ObjectiveTo study the rules of medication in the treatment of pediatric eczema in ancient medical books.MethodsThe prescriptions for treating pediatric eczema in the Chinese Medical Classics were collected and sorted.The frequency,and the properties,flavor,and meridian tropism of the medicines were analyzed.The methods such as the association rules analysis and cluster analysis were also used.ResultsHigh-frequency drugs for external use included Qingfen(Calomelas),Baifan(Alumen),Huanglian(Rhizomacoptidis),etc.,and Gancao(Radix et Rhizomaglycyrrhizae),Fuling(Poria),Chaihu(Radix bupleuri),etc.,for internal use.The statistical analysis showed that spicy drugs were mostly used for external use,bitter for internal use,and hepatic meridian for external use,lung meridian for internal use.Drugs with cold properties were used most frequently.Toxic drugs for external use accounted for 32.49%.The strong correlation among external drugs was Baifan-Shechuangzi(Fructuscnidii) and Huanglian-Huangbo(Cortex phellodendrichinensis).For internal use strong correlation existed in Jingjie(Herbaschizonepetae)-Fangfeng(Radix saposhnikoviae) and Zhiqiao(Fructusaurantii)-Jiegeng(Radix platycodonis).ConclusionIn ancient medical books,the external treatment for pediatric eczema is mainly to remove rotten ecrotic muscle and promote the growth of granulation,attack poison and kill insects,and clear heat and dry dampness,while the internal treatment is mainly to remove wind and heat,dry dampness and relieve itching.Drugs for external use are mainly spicy and cold,mainly functioning through the hepatic meridian;drugs for internal use are mainly bitter and cold,mainly functioning through the lung meridian. Related Articles | Metrics

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Data mining of medication rules of Professor Chang Ke in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children CHE Zhao, YANG Yuxiao, ZHANG Jingyi, CHANG Ke. 2023, 15 (3):  267-272.  Abstract ( 74 )   PDF (1216KB) ( 155 )   Save ObjectiveTo analyze the medication rules of Professor Chang Ke in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children,and summarize his thoughts on the treatment for allergic rhinitis.MethodsCollect the prescriptions of Professor Chang Ke for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in the outpatient department from September 1,2020 to October 1,2022,standardize the drug names in the prescriptions,establish a database on the ancient and modern medical record cloud platform,and use multiple analysis methods to analyze the collected data from multiple perspectives,in order to explore the drug use rules of Professor Chang Ke in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.ResultsA total of 824 prescriptions and 284 traditional Chinese medicines were included.According to the analysis of the data from the cloud platform of ancient and modern medical records,it is concluded that the high-frequency drugs were cicada slough,scutellaria baicalensis,Xanthium sibiricum,Magnolia magnolia,Anemarrhena asphodeloides,etc.The drug properties were mainly cold,warm,slightly cold and flat,and the medicine tastes sweet,bitter,spicy and light,and the meridians involved were mainly the lung,stomach and liver meridians.The main types of drugs were antipyretic and detoxifying drugs,wind-heat evacuation drugs and pharynx-benefiting drugs.Five groups of drugs were obtained by cluster analysis,and 10 core drugs were obtained by complex network analysis.ConclusionProfessor Chang Ke treats allergic rhinitis mainly based on "removing pathogenic factors".He is good at using traditional Chinese medicine to clear the nose,expel wind and heat,reduce heat and dry dampness,and remove heat and toxin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Professor Feng Xiaochun′s discussion on the treatment of laryngeal diseases in children based on "treating diseases of pharynx and upper esophageal opening with sweet medicine" GONG Wen, SU Lili, PAN Xiaohong, FENG Xiaochun 2023, 15 (3):  273-276.  Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (814KB) ( 489 )   Save It is difficult for children to take traditional Chinese medicine orally,in which the problem lies in the medicine is too bitter to swallow.Based on the classic theory of "treating diseases of pharynx and upper esophageal opening with sweet medicine",Professor Feng Xiaochun developed a new way to treat children′s throat diseases with sweet medicine.During treatment,sweet drugs account for the majority and bitter drugs are in a small number in each group of prescriptions,so that drugs with good therapeutic effect do not taste bitter.This clinical experience not only ensures the curative effect,but also solves the problem of medicine being too bitter to swallow.It is worth popularizing in clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics