儿童哮喘中的特异性免疫治疗研究现状

doi:10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过检索PubMed、中国知网等数据库，筛选近年来关于儿童哮喘特异性免疫治疗的临床研究、Meta分析及机制研究文献，对生物制剂及过敏原特异性免疫治疗等主要干预措施的研究进展进行归纳与评价。特异性免疫治疗在儿童哮喘中显示出一定的临床潜力。生物制剂可显著降低重症哮喘患儿的急性发作率并改善肺功能；过敏原特异性免疫治疗对过敏性哮喘患儿具有长期疗效，但个体反应差异较大。细胞治疗（如调节性T细胞输注）尚处实验阶段，但潜力显著。细菌溶解产物可能通过调节微生物群增强免疫调节作用，但其机制需进一步验证。特异性免疫治疗仍是儿童哮喘治疗的重要手段，不同策略各具优势，未来需结合个体化治疗及多靶点联合干预以提高疗效。研究结果为进一步优化儿童哮喘的免疫治疗策略提供了理论依据。

关键词: 哮喘, 特异性免疫治疗, 生物靶向治疗, 儿童

Abstract:

By searching databases such as PubMed and CNKI, the clinical studies, meta-analyses and mechanistic studies on asthma-specific immunotherapy for children in recent years are screened, and the research progress in major interventions such as biologics and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is summarized and evaluated. Specific immunotherapy has shown some clinical potential in childhood asthma. Biologics can significantly reduce the rate of acute attacks and improve lung function in children with severe asthma; AIT has long-term efficacy in children with allergic asthma, but individual responses vary greatly. Cell therapies, such as regulatory T cell infusions, are in the experimental stage but have significant potential. Bacterial lysates may enhance immunomodulation by modulating the microbiota, but the mechanism needs to be further verified. Specific immunotherapy is still an important means in the treatment of asthma in children, and different strategies have their own advantages; individualized therapy and combined multi-target intervention need to be involved to improve the efficacy in the future. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further optimizing immunotherapy strategies for childhood asthma.

Key words: Asthma, Specific immunotherapy, Biological targeted therapy, Child

中图分类号:

R725.6

王旭婷, 周朋. 儿童哮喘中的特异性免疫治疗研究现状[J]. 中国中西医结合儿科学, 2026, 18(2): 122-127.

Xuting WANG, Peng ZHOU. Research status of specific immunotherapy for childhood asthma[J]. Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 2026, 18(2): 122-127.

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