学龄前伴过敏性疾病儿童维生素A、D、E水平差异分析及与重症肺炎发生风险的相关性分析

doi:10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.02.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨学龄前伴过敏性疾病儿童维生素A、D、E水平差异分析及与重症肺炎发生风险的相关性。方法回顾性选取2022年12月至2024年12月周口市儿童医院收治的学龄前伴过敏性疾病儿童240例，根据是否发生重症肺炎，分为重症肺炎组73例，非重症肺炎组167例。对比维生素A、D、E水平差异，采用Logistic回归分析发生重症肺炎的危险因素。结果两组患儿过敏性鼻炎、过敏性哮喘、家中饲养宠物、居住地、被动吸烟史、6个月内反复呼吸道感染>2次方面比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。重症肺炎组儿童的维生素A、D、E水平低于非重症肺炎组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。重症肺炎组儿童的维生素A、D、E水平缺乏情况较非重症肺炎组高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示，维生素A、D、E水平与学龄前伴过敏性疾病儿童发生重症肺炎呈负相关，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示，过敏性鼻炎、过敏性哮喘、家中饲养宠物、居住地在农村、存在被动吸烟史、6个月内反复呼吸道感染>2次、亚临床缺乏维生素A、缺乏维生素D、缺乏维生素E是影响学龄前伴过敏性疾病儿童发生重症肺炎的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论学龄前伴过敏性疾病儿童维生素A、D、E水平较低，且与重症肺炎的发生风险呈负相关；过敏性鼻炎、过敏性哮喘、家中饲养宠物、居住地在农村、存在被动吸烟史、6个月内反复呼吸道感染>2次及维生素A、D、E的缺乏均为影响学龄前伴过敏性疾病儿童发生重症肺炎的独立危险因素。

关键词: 过敏性疾病, 重症肺炎, 维生素A, 维生素D, 维生素E, 儿童

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the differences in vitamin A, D and E levels among preschool children with allergic diseases and their correlation with the risk of severe pneumonia. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 240 preschool children with allergic diseases admitted to Zhoukou Children's Hospital from December 2022 to December 2024. Based on the occurrence of severe pneumonia, the patients were divided into a severe pneumonia group(n=73) and a non-severe pneumonia group(n=167). Differences in vitamin A, D and E levels were compared, and Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for severe pneumonia. Results Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of history of allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, pet ownership, residence, passive smoking exposure, and >2 episodes of recurrent respiratory infections within 6 months(P<0.05). The levels of vitamin A, D and E in the severe pneumonia group of children were lower than those in the non-severe pneumonia group(P<0.05). The severe pneumonia group demonstrated a higher prevalence of vitamin A, D and E deficiencies compared to the non-severe pneumonia group(P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between vitamin A, D and E levels and the risk of severe pneumonia in preschool children with allergic diseases(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified the following risk factors for severe pneumonia in preschool children with allergic diseases: history of allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, pet ownership, rural residence, passive smoking exposure, >2 episodes of recurrent respiratory infections within 6 months, subclinical vitamin A deficiency, and vitamin D/E deficiency(P<0.05). Conclusion Preschool children with allergic diseases exhibit lower levels of vitamins A, D and E, which are negatively correlated with the risk of severe pneumonia. Allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, pet ownership, rural residence, history of passive smoking, recurrent respiratory infections>2 times within 6 months, and deficiencies in vitamins A, D and E are all independent risk factors for severe pneumonia in preschool children with allergic diseases.

Key words: Allergic diseases, Severe pneumonia, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Child

中图分类号:

R725.6

张恩慧, 王琳琳, 刘博. 学龄前伴过敏性疾病儿童维生素A、D、E水平差异分析及与重症肺炎发生风险的相关性分析[J]. 中国中西医结合儿科学, 2026, 18(2): 180-184.

Enhui ZHANG, Linlin WANG, Bo LIU. Analysis of differences in vitamin A, D and E levels in preschool children with allergic diseases and their correlation with risk of severe pneumonia[J]. Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 2026, 18(2): 180-184.

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项目	重症肺炎组（n=73）	非重症肺炎组（n=167）	χ² 值	P值
过敏性疾病类型
食物过敏	5（6.85）	16（9.58）	0.475	0.490
消化道过敏	5（6.85）	23（13.77）	2.363	0.124
特应性皮炎	22（20.13）	34（20.36）	2.714	0.099
过敏性鼻炎	27（36.98）	40（23.95）	4.288	0.038
过敏性哮喘	34（46.58）	43（25.75）	10.111	0.001
其他过敏性疾病	5（6.85）	11（6.59）	0.000	1.000
家中饲养宠物	18（24.66）	10（5.99）	17.180	<0.001
居住地			16.052	<0.001
农村	48（65.75）	63（37.72）
城镇	25（34.25）	104（62.28）
超重/肥胖	16（21.92）	26（15.57）	1.418	0.233
被动吸烟史	12（16.44）	11（6.59）	5.689	0.017
6个月内反复呼吸道感染>2次	38（52.05）	24（14.37）	37.648	<0.001
药物过敏史	15（20.55）	19（11.38）	3.513	0.060

组别	n	维生素A（mg/L）	维生素D（μg/L）	维生素E（mg/L）
重症肺炎组	73	0.21±0.02	13.22±2.42	6.22±1.54
非重症肺炎组	167	0.34±0.01	15.18±2.25	7.19±1.26
t值		67.083	6.066	5.117
P值		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

组别	n	维生素A		维生素D		维生素E
组别	n	可疑亚临床缺乏	亚临床缺乏	不足	缺乏	不足	缺乏
重症肺炎组	73	23（31.51）	24（32.88）	25（34.25）	25（34.25）	21（28.77）	9（12.33）
非重症肺炎组	167	32（19.16）	30（17.96）	27（16.17）	29（17.36）	26（15.57）	8（4.79）
χ² 值		4.382	6.478	9.782	8.301	5.618	4.385
P值		0.036	0.010	0.001	0.003	0.017	0.036

变量	赋值	变量	赋值
过敏性鼻炎	是=1，否=0	6个月内反复呼吸道感染>2次	是=1，否=0
过敏性哮喘	是=1，否=0	维生素A	亚临床缺乏=1，否=0
家中饲养宠物	是=1，否=0	维生素D	缺乏=1，否=0
居住地	农村=1，城镇=0	维生素E	缺乏=1，否=0
被动吸烟史	是=1，否=0

变量	B	标准误	Wald χ² 值	P值	OR值（95%CI）
常数	4.353	1.125	16.243	<0.001	-
过敏性鼻炎	0.424	0.213	3.963	0.047	1.528（1.007～2.320）
过敏性哮喘	0.823	0.245	11.284	0.001	2.277（1.409～3.681）
家中饲养宠物	0.445	0.164	7.363	0.007	1.560（1.132～2.152）
居住地在农村	0.844	0.402	4.408	0.036	2.326（1.058～5.114）
被动吸烟史	0.484	0.156	9.926	0.002	1.623（1.195～2.203）
6个月内反复呼吸道感染>2次	1.114	0.482	5.342	0.021	3.047（1.184～7.836）
维生素A亚临床缺乏	0.463	0.182	6.472	0.011	1.589（1.112～2.270）
维生素D缺乏	0.824	0.283	8.478	0.004	2.280（1.309～3.970）
维生素E缺乏	0.394	0.194	4.125	0.042	1.483（1.014～2.169）