Table of Content

25 October 2021, Volume 13 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Expert consensus in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine prevention and treatment for influenza in children 2021, 13 (5):  369.  Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (830KB) ( 235 )   Save Children are the highrisk population of influenza(flu) and its severe cases. The morbidity is high in the flu season, and in severe cases it may result in death. Currently, the effective western medicines for flu viruses are limited, and the treatment with western medicines alone has its limitations. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, flu belongs to seasonal cold, which is highly infectious, and it also belongs to "plague" in traditional Chinese medicine has had valuable experience in the prevention and treatment of "plague", but it also has its limitations. Therefore, the integration of Chinese with western medicine which takes advantage of both traditional Chinese and western medicine, will have its unique advantages, especially in the early intervention of mild cases. Based on the review on the advances in modern prevention and treatment of flu in children, the analysis of literatures on Chinese medicine treatment for child flu, the drug assessment questionnaire and the application experience of the experts, the consensus aims to standardize the combined use of Chinese and western medicines, in order to find solutions to the clinical problem of the prevention and treatment for influenza in children, especially for mild cases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Li-Pi Compound Preparation and zinc sulfate on proliferation of colonic smooth muscle cells of rats and the brain-gut peptide LIU Qiyan, ZHAN Wei, GAO Na, ZHANG Liwen, PANG Ping, LI Chun, PENG Yu 2021, 13 (5):  375.  Abstract ( 142 )   PDF (742KB) ( 39 )   Save Objective：To observe the effect of 10% Li-Pi Compound Preparation and zinc sulfate drug-containing serum on the proliferation of colonic smooth muscle cells(CSMCs) and their regulation effect on braingut peptide, and to explore the mechanism of the two drugs in the treatment of anorexia. Methods：Among the 60 young rats, the CSMCs of 10 rats were cultured, and the remaining 50 rats were randomly divided into five groups: the control group, the low，medium and high-dose Li-Pi Compound Preparation group and the zinc sulfate group, with 10 rats in each group. The control group was given equal volume of drinking water by gavage. The zinc sulfate group was given 20 mg/kg zinc sulfate oral solution by gavage. The low，medium and high-dose groups were given by gavage 2.4, 4.8 and 9.8 g/kg Li-Pi CompoundPreparations respectively. Each group was given gavage once a day for 7 consecutive days, and blood samples were collected to prepare drug-containing serum at 2h after the last gavage.The drug-containing serum of each group was diluted to 10% and was given to rat CSMCs at 9 time points. The effect of drug-containing serum in each group on the proliferation of colonic smooth muscle cells was detected by CCK-8;Western Bolt, ELISA and RT-PCR were used to detect the relative expression levels of LP,NPY and CCK-8 protein concentration in the cells at the optimal starting point of CSMCs proliferation. Results：The 10% differentdosedrug-containing serum of Li-Pi Compound Preparations and zinc sulfate could promote the proliferation of CSMCs in rats, and the optimal starting time of proliferation was 24h.Compared with the control group, each drug-containing serum group could increase the concentration of LP and NPY protein in rat CSMCs and the relative expression level of protein and gene（P<0.05),reduce the concentration and the relative expressionlevel of CCK-8 protein（P<0.05). Conclusion：Li-Pi Compound Preparation and zinc sulfate can promote the proliferation of CSMCs,and affect the expression of LP,NPY and CCK-8 in CSMCs, which may be one of the important mechanisms in the treatment of anorexia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in the mechanism of vitamin A deficiency causing anemia in children WANG Haiwei, MU Yaping, LI Bin 2021, 13 (5):  381.  Abstract ( 128 )   PDF (364KB) ( 26 )   Save Vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble vitamin in human body, especially to children, pregnant and lactating women. Vitamin A deficiency in childhood is known to cause dry eyes, lower body resistance and increase the risk of infection.The pathogenesis of anemia in children caused by vitamin A deficiency includes restriction of hematopoietic gene expression, destruction of erythrocyte membrane stability, reduction of EPO level and hematopoietic inhibition, influence on iron metabolism, and reduction of hematopoietic raw materials, etc. This paper summarizes the pathogenesis of anemia caused by vitamin A deficiency in children. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in the mechanism of Mycoplasma pneumoniae causing hypercoagulability SHAO Qinnan, HE Ling 2021, 13 (5):  384.  Abstract ( 171 )   PDF (564KB) ( 23 )   Save Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the important pathogens of  community-acquired pneumonia in children. When Mycoplasma pneumoniae infects children, the clinical symptoms of multiple systems,such as digestive system and blood system,can appear due to the fact that Mycoplasma pneumoniae has the same antigen- with multiple organs.More and more literatures have pointed out that the changes of coagulation status and thrombosis play  a vital role in the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In this paper, the mechanism of action and some risk factors of blood hypercoagulability caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia were summarized to provide ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment of hypercoagulability of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.：650032 昆明，昆明医科大学2018级儿科学专业研究生（邵琴楠）；昆明医科大学第二附属医院儿科（何玲） Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the effect of psychomotor therapy combined with behavioral therapy on children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder aged 4 to 6 XU Xichang, SUN Yinghong, ZHOU Fan, YANG Jie, JIN Shengli 2021, 13 (5):  388.  Abstract ( 206 )   PDF (488KB) ( 38 )   Save Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of psychomotor therapy combined with behavioral therapy on children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) aged 4 to 6. Methods:Forty children aged 4 to 6 with ADHD were divided into an observation group(20 cases) and a control group(20 cases) according to a random number table. They were diagnosed and received therapy in Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University from January to December 2019. The observation group received 24 weeks of psychomotor therapy combined with behavioral therapy and the control group only received 24 weeks of behavioral therapy. The Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ) was used to evaluate the observation group and the control group before treatment, during treatment (12th week) and after treatment. Results:Compared with before treatment, the observation group has different PSQ during and after treatment. The scores of each factor were significantly reduced, with statistical differences(P<0.01). There were statistical differences in the behavior problems(P<0.01) and psychosomatic disorders(P<0.05) of the control group during the treatment, but there were no differences in other factors. The PSQ factor scores of the control group were significantly reduced after treatment, with statistical differences(P<0.01). During and aftertreatment, the scores of PSQ factors of the observation group were all lower than those of the control group, the differences being statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion:Psychomotor therapy combined with behavioral therapy can effectively solve some problems in children with ADHD. It is effective at 12 weeks of treatment, and the effect is significant after long-term treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the difference in neurobehavioral development level and related influencing factors between term and premature infants CHAI Fuqiang, XU Jiangshan, MA Dan, LI Chunxiao 2021, 13 (5):  392.  Abstract ( 103 )   PDF (427KB) ( 18 )   Save Objective:To investigate the level of neurobehavioral development of premature infants and the factors related to the differences. Methods:Eighty premature babies born in our hospital from July 2018 to June 2019 were selected as the observation group, and 80 full-term newborns born in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The Bayley-Ⅲ scale was used to evaluate the five energy areas of the newborn: cognitive ability, language understanding, language expression, fine motor, and grand motor. At the same time, the clinical data of the newborn was analyzed by multi-factor logistic;The self-made questionnaire of our hospital was filled in by the parents and the related factors affecting the neurodevelopment level and the differences of preterm infants were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results:The scores in cognitive ability, language understanding, language expression, fine motor and grand motor of preterm infants were lower than those of normal term infants(P<0.05); univariate analysis showed that the delivery method(P=0.068), birth weight (P=0.000),body length at birth(P=0.000), mother's education level(P=0.001), head circumference(P=0.000) and gestational age(P=0.000) were related to the level of neurobehavioral development; in the multivariate logistic analysis, newborns' birth weight(P=0.001), body length at birth(P=0.021), mother's education level (P=0.000), head circumference(P=0.014) and gestational age(P=0.005) were related factors affecting the level of neurobehavioral development. Conclusion:The level of neurobehavioral development of normal term infants is higher than that of premature infants. At the same time, the birth weight, body length, mother's education level, head circumference and gestational age of newborns are important factors affecting the level of neurobehavioral development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study on the effect of vestibular training combined with kinematic analysis on the rehabilitation of infants with motor retardation LYU Nan, WAN Kai, LI Jingjie, MA Caiyun, SHANG Qing 2021, 13 (5):  395.  Abstract ( 117 )   PDF (487KB) ( 9 )   Save Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of vestibular training combined with kinematic analysis on infants with motor retardation. Methods:A total of 48 infants with motor retardation were randomly divided into control group(24 cases) and experimental group(24 cases).The control group was treated with kinematic analysis and routine rehabilitation training, and the experimental group was treated with vestibular training combined with kinematic analysis and routine rehabilitation training. Before and after treatment, the developmental levels of gross motor and fine motor were assessed by Peabody scale, and the developmental quotient of adaptive behavior, language and personal-social behavior were assessed by Gesell developmental scale. Results:After treatment, the scores of Peabody gross and fine motor and the individual development quotient of Gesell development scale in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and these scores were higher in the experimental group than in the control group, the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion:Vestibular training combined with kinematic analysis can be used to guide the rehabilitation training of infants with motor retardation and the curative effect is significant. It can promote the development of somatosensory perception and improve motor, cognition and environmental adaptation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Value of the combination detection of β2-microglobulin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in early renal injury in children with infectious mononucleosis NIU Zhenbing, LIU Jing, FENG Lili 2021, 13 (5):  399.  Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (372KB) ( 6 )   Save Objective:To study the value of combination detection of β2-microglobulin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL) in the diagnosis of early renal injury in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM). Methods:Totally 85 children with IM were chosen, who were hospitalized for treatment from Jan. 2016 to Oct. 2019. They were divided into renal injury group(42 children，group A) and no-renal-injury group(43 children, group B). Forty healthy children receiving physical examination in our hospital in the same period were included as the healthy control group(group C). Compare the levels of urinary β2-microglobulin, NGAL, microalbumin/creatinine and NAG. Results:The level of β2-microglobulin, NGAL, microalbumin/creatinine and NAG and the positive rate in group A were all higher than those in group B and group C, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between group B and group C(P<0.05). Conclusion:The combination detection of β2-microglobulin, NGAL, microalbumin/creatinine and NAG is effective in the diagnosis of early renal injury in children with infectious mononucleosis. The samples are easy to obtain and the operation is simple, which helps to promote the method. Related Articles | Metrics

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The correlation study on overweight or obesity of different months in infancy YANG Wei, LI Yunhui 2021, 13 (5):  402.  Abstract ( 137 )   PDF (314KB) ( 7 )   Save Objective:To explore the correlation between overweight or obesity at different months of infancy and that in subsequent months; to provide evidence for the early intervention of overweight or obesity in children. Methods:The physical records at birth, 42 days, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months were retrospectively collected from 12-month-old children who underwent physical examination in the Child Healthcare Clinic of Anhui Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital from October 2019 to February 2020. The situation of overweight or obesity in each month age and its correlation with overweight or obesity in subsequent month ages was analyzed. Results:Among the 378 12-month infants surveyed, 22(5.8%) infants were macrosomia at birth,10(2.6%),17(4.5%), 27(7.1%), and 23(6.1%) infants were overweight or obese at 42 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months, respectively. The univariate analysis showed that macrosomia were more likely to be overweight or obese at 6 months and 12 months. Those who were overweight or obese at 42 days were more likely to be overweight or obese at 3 months. The infants with overweight or obese at 3 months, were more likely to be overweight or obese at 6 months and 12 months. Those with overweight or obese at 6 months, were more likely to be overweight or obese at 12 months. The differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that macrosomia was more likely to be overweight or obese at 12 months(OR=5.386). Those who were overweight or obese at 42 days were more likely to be overweight or obese at 3 months(OR=5.782). Being overweight or obese at 3 months, were more likely to be overweight or obese at 6 months and 12 months(OR=11.957, OR=7.886). Being overweight or obese at 6 months, were more likely to be overweight or obese at 12 months(OR=11.893). The differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion:Infancy is a crucial period for obesity control. Overweight or obesity in every month of age is a risk factor for overweight or obesity at subsequent months. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on resting energy expenditure of children with sepsis at acute stage LUO Lan, LIU Pingping, FANG Sisi 2021, 13 (5):  405.  Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (444KB) ( 15 )   Save Objective:The mechanism of energy metabolism in critically ill children with sepsis is not clear. The purpose of this study is to make clear the characteristics of energy metabolism in acute phase of sepsis，and to assess the relationship between inflammatory factor and metabolism mode in septic children，and the difference in the mortality rate among different modes. Methods:A total of 178 children with sepsis who were admitted to PICU of Hunan Children's Hospital from December 2017 to June 2019 were prospectively collected as the study subjects. The resting energy expenditure(REE) of the children was measured by indirect calorimetry. The predicted resting energy expenditure(PREE) was calculated with Schofield-HTWT formula. The metabolic mode was decided according to the ratio of REE to PREE. The REE was analyzed in different types of sepsis. The relationship between metabolic mode and inflammatory factors(CRP, PCT and IL-6) was analyzed. The relationship of metabolic mode with mortality was also analyzed. Results:Among 178 children with sepsis， there were 87（49.4%） with hypometabolic pattern，71（39.9%） with normal metabolic pattern，and 19（10.7%） with hypermetabolic pattern(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in REE among different types of sepsis(P>0.05). REE showed no significant difference from predicted values(P>0.05). Only oxygen consumption(VO-2) and carbon dioxide production(VCO-2) were associated with hypometabolic pattern(P<0.001)，while inflammatory factors were not associated with hypometabolic pattern(P>0.05). The mortality rate of the hypometabolic pattern group was higher than other metabolic patterns，，but there was no statistical significance(P>0.05). Conclusion:Most of the children with acute phase of sepsis are with hypometabolic pattern，and inflammatory factors have no significant relationship with metabolism mode; only VO-2 and VCO-2 are related to hypometabolic pattern. There is a significant increase in mortality in children with hypometabolic pattern，due to small number of cases，further study is needed in the future. Therefore, individualized nutrition supply is recommended for critically ill children, and indirect calorimetry is recommended to guide the supply, so as to facilitate the adoption of reasonable nutritional intervention and treatment, in order to improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of immune EN combined with SPN on immune function and prognosis of children with severe viral encephalitis under the management of individualized nutrition support WANG Chunfeng 2021, 13 (5):  409.  Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (480KB) ( 11 )   Save Objective:To analyze the effects of immune enteral nutrition(EN) combined with supplementary parenteral nutrition(SPN) on immune function and prognosis of children with severe viral encephalitis(SVE) under the management of individualized nutrition support. Methods:The clinical data of 98 SVE children treated in our hospital from August 2015 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were divided into observation group(n=52) and control group(n=46) according to different nutritional treatment methods. The patients in observation group were treated with individualized immune EN+SNP, and the children in control group were treated with routine EN+SNP. The nutritional status［transferrin(TRF), hemoglobin(Hb), serum albumin(ALB), prealbumin(PAB)］, immune function［immunoglobulins(IgA,IgM,IgG)］ and serum nerve function indicators［neuron-specific enolase(NSE), central nervous specific protein(S100β)］ were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The children were given 6 months of follow-up, and the incidence rates of sequelae(mental retardation, dyskinesia, symptomatic epilepsy) were counted. Results:After treatment, the levels of TRF, Hb, ALB and PAB in the two groups were higher than those before treatment(P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05). The levels of IgA, IgM, and IgG in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the levels in observation group were higher than those in control group during the same period (P<0.05). The levels of NSE and S100β in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05). At 6 months of follow-up, there was no statistical difference in the total incidence rate of sequelae between observation group and control group(P>0.05). Conclusion:EN combined with SPN under the management of individualized nutrition support can regulate the immune function and improve the prognosis of child patients with SVE. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of amplitude-integrated EEG in 309 neonates DU Kun, GAO Jin, QIU Liling, SHEN Jing 2021, 13 (5):  413.  Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (411KB) ( 17 )   Save Objective:To analyze the amplitudeintegrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) of different diseases and explore its application value in neonatal brain injury. Methods:Totally 309 neonates with high risk of brain injury who were admitted to our hospital from January to December of 2018 were selected, and the aEEG examination was completed within 24 to 48 hours after admission for analysis. Results:Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy of the newborn, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and the aEEG scores of neonatal seizures were compared among term infants, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The infants with Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy had the highest abnormal rate, followed by infants with convulsions. The aEEG score of premature infants changed gradually with different gestational age. Continuous voltage appeared gradually, and the sleep-wake cycle matured gradually.  Conclusion:The aEEG is an important method to evaluate neonatal brain function. Infants with abnormal aEEG should be paid much attention during the follow-up after discharge. Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of 23 children with pertussis TANG Xiaoli, DENG Hongbo 2021, 13 (5):  416.  Abstract ( 109 )   PDF (618KB) ( 10 )   Save Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of 23 hospitalized children with pertussis in Chengdu. Methods:The clinical data of 23 children with pertussis receiving treatment from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results:The characteristics of 23 hospitalized children were as follows:（1）Age: there were 15 babies, 5 infants and 3 preschool children.（2）Vaccination history: 3 had none,8 cases had 1 or 2 doses, and 12 had 3 or 4 doses.（3）Respiratory infection history in the family: 19 cases had clear contact history with respiratory symptoms.（4）Season of disease: there were 7 cases(30.4%) in spring,4 in summer(17.4%), 4 in autumn(17.4%) and 8 in winter(34.8%).（5）Laboratory examination: Blood routine examination: Twenty children had WBC≥15×10.9/L, the median value being 21.46×10.9/L; being complicated with other pathogens: 5 cases were infected by the bacteria and 5 cases with respiratory syncytial virus. Chest radiographs showed pulmonary infection in 7 cases. Conclusion:Winter and spring are the high incidence season of pertussis in Chengdu. Infants, the children with a history of contacting with people with respiratory infection and those being not fully vaccinated and being not revaccinated against pertussis in time are at high risk of pertussis.At the same time, hyperleukaemia, pulmonary infection and organ function impairment are the high risk factors for severe pertussis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of pidotimod combined with vitamin AD on children with recurrent respiratory tract infection XU Sha 2021, 13 (5):  421.  Abstract ( 178 )   PDF (406KB) ( 11 )   Save Objective:To explore the effect of pidotimod combined with vitamin AD in the treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infection in children. Methods:Totally 195 cases of recurrent respiratory tract infection in children treated in our hospital from February 2018 to August 2019 were selected, and they were divided into 3 groups: pidotimod group(A), vitamin AD group(B), and combination group(C). Group A(65 children) were treated with pidotimod, group B(65 children) were treated with vitamin AD, and group C(65 children) were treated with pidotimod combined with vitamin AD. The total effective rate, immune function index, the relief time of clinical symptoms and the average times of recurrence during the one-year follow-up were compared among the three groups. Results:The total effective rate in group C(98.46%,64/65) was significantly higher than that in group A(87.69%, 57/65) and group B(86.1%,56/65), the difference being statistically significant(P<0.017). The time of fever relief, the of cough relief, the time of disappearance of lung rales and the time of subsiding of tonsil enlargement in group C　ｗｅｒｅ　ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ　ｓｈｏｒｔｅｒ　ｔｈａｎ　ｔｈｏｓｅ　ｉｎ　ｇｒｏｕｐ　Ａ　ａｎｄ　ｇｒｏｕｐ　B(P<0.05). The level of IgA, IgM and IgG in group C ｗａｓ　ｈｉｇｈｅｒ　ｔｈａｎ　ｔｈａｔ　ｉｎ　ｇｒｏｕｐ Ａ ａｎｄ Ｂ（P<０．０５）．　Ｔｈｅｒｅ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｎｏ　ｓｅｖｅｒｅ　ａｄｖｅｒｓｅ　ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｔｈｒｅｅ　ｇｒｏｕｐｓ．　Ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｏｎｅ-ｙｅａｒ　ｆｏｌｌoｗ-ｕｐ，　ｔｈｅ　ｒｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｅ　ｔｉｍｅｓ　ｏｆ　ｕｐｐｅｒ　ａｎｄ　ｌｏｗｅｒ　ｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙ　ｔｒａｃｔ　ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ　ｉｎ　ｇｒｏｕｐ　Ｃ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｌｏｗｅｒ　ｔｈａｎ　ｔｈｏｓｅ　ｉｎ　ｇｒｏｕｐ　Ａ　ａｎｄ　Ｂ（P<０．０５）． Conclusion:Ｔｈｅ　ｅｆｆｅｃｔ　ｏｆ　ｐｉｄｏｔｉｍｏｄ　ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄ　ｗｉｔｈ　vｉｔａｍｉｎ　ＡＤ　ｄｒｏｐｓ　ｉｓ　ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ　ｏｆ　ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｒｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ　ｒｅsｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙ　ｔｒａｃｔ　ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ，　ｗｈｉｃｈ　ｃａｎ　ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅ　ｔｈｅ　ｉｍｍｕｎｅ　ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ，　ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅ　ｔｈｅ　ｒｅｌｉeｆ　ｏｆ　ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌ　ｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ　ａｎｄ　ｒｅｄｕｃｅ　ｔｈｅ　ｒｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｅ　ｒａｔｅ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ，　ｓｏ　ｉｔ　ｉｓ　ｗｏｒｔｈ　ｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｎｇ． Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective investigation of risk factors in hospitalized children with recurrent respiratory tract infection XIE Ying 2021, 13 (5):  425.  Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (351KB) ( 7 )   Save Objective:To explore the risk factors for recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) in children, and to provide basis for early prevention. Methods:Eighty cases of RRTI children treated in our hospital from 2015 to 2019 were collected as the study group, and 160 cases of healthy children receiving physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group. The general information, early postpartum feeding, health status, trace element level and immune function of the two groups were compared to screen for the risk factors for RRTI. Results:Univariate analysis showed that gender, mode of delivery, complementary food, hemoglobin, iron ion, zinc ion and IgG were the risk factors for RRTI in children (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that hemoglobin, iron ion, zinc ion and IgG were still risk factors for RRTI in children (P<0.05). Conclusion:In the diagnosis and treatment of children with RRTI, besides giving standard and scientific treatment, treatment of RRTI, we should pay attention to the nutrition status and immune function of the children in order to reduce RRTI. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes and prediction analysis of the mortality of infants and children under 5 years old in Henan Province ZHANG Junqing, GUO Liang, SHI Cannan, WANG Jun 2021, 13 (5):  428.  Abstract ( 168 )   PDF (423KB) ( 21 )   Save Objective:To analyze the mortality of infants and children under 5 years old in Henan Province, and to predict its trend. Methods:A descriptive analysis was made in the mortality of infants and children under 5 years old in Henan Province between 2005 and 2017, and GM(1,1) gray prediction model was used to make a statistical analysis. Results:The mortality of infants and children under 5 years old in the whole province (cities and the countryside) had a trend of decrease, but the differences between cities and the countryside, and among different areas were significant; the fitting effect of the gray prediction model was quite good.1) model fitting was good. Conclusion:GM(1,1) model is suitable for the prediction of the mortality indexes in infants and children under 5 years old, and the fitting precision is high. It is predicted that the indexes will keep decreasing year by year in the following three years. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the medication rules for cough in children DU Linlin, WANG Yonghong, HE Jingwei 2021, 13 (5):  431.  Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (724KB) ( 6 )   Save Objective:To summarize and analyze the rules of medication and prescriptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) experts in treating children with cough. Methods:The child cases of cough treated by chief physician Wang Yonghong between April 2019 and October 2019 were collected and entered into TCM Inheritance Support System(V2.5).The association rules, entropy clustering of complex systems，unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering and other data mining methods were used to count the frequency of the herbs in chief physician Wang's prescriptions for cough. Analyze the association rules between commonly used herbs，and excavate prescription herbs combinations and potential core prescriptions.  Results:Among the 301 collected prescriptions for children's cough，the four most frequently used herbs were Huangqin(Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)，Xingren(Semen Armeniacae Amarum)，Chenpi(Citrusreticulata Blanco)，Zhibanxia(prepared Rhizoma Pinelliae);the core prescription for children's cough was extracted by the association rule analysis ，which contained these following herbs:Huangqin(Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis)，Xingren(Semen Armeniacae Amarum)，Chenpi(Citrusreticulata Blanco)，Zhibanxia(prepared Rhizoma Pinelliae)，Chantui(Periostracum Cicadae)，Kuandonghua(Flos Farfarae)，Fuling(Poria)，Sangbaipi(Morus albaL)，Chaobaizhu(roasted Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae);8 groups of core herb combination and 4 potential prescriptions for cough were obtained by using the entropy clustering analysis method. Conclusion:The cough in children is most likely caused by "diseased lung and spleen，exogenous evil attacking lung"， so we should follow the principle of "simultaneous treatment of lung and spleen" during treatment. The combination of Dingchuan decoction，Zhisou powder and Erchen decoction should be used with modification to treat cough in children. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigating the mechanism of Pinellia ternata-Mangnolia officinalis pair for epilepsy via network pharmacology YANG Yan, REN Juan, WANG Ze, CAO Yongjun, WANG Chaoqun, HE Xirui 2021, 13 (5):  436.  Abstract ( 136 )   PDF (2505KB) ( 50 )   Save Objective:To investigate the active components and potential molecular mechanism of Pinellia ternata-Mangnolia officinalis pair in the treatment of epilepsy, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of epilepsy.  Methods:The active components and their targets of P. ternata and M. officinalis were screened via the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology platform(TCMSP) and therapeutic targets database. The protein interaction network was constructed with the STRING database to screen for core targets of P. ternata and M. officinalis in the treatment of epilepsy. The interactive active network map of "active component-keytarget-pathway" was constructed with Cytoscape software. Biological process and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis was performed by DAVID database. Finally, docking of the representative -active components with the core target of epilepsy was carried out using MOE software. Results:Two hundred and fifty-nine components of P. ternata and M. officinalis were obtained. Data analysis showed that ten active components of P. ternataM. officinalis pair were identified, which acted on fifty-five potential targets as well as ten pathways related to epilepsy. Herb-component-target-pathway network analysis showed that baicalein, baicalin and coniferin, etc. were the main active components. These active components interacted with multiple targets and affected various biological pathways to reduce the abnormal electrical discharge of neurons and decrease the frequency of seizure. The targets involved in the treatment of epilepsy included PPARA, PPARD and PPARG, and the pathways included PPAR signaling, steroid hormone biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism. Molecular docking results showed that PPAR, a representative target for the treatment of epilepsy, had good binding activity with these ten potential active components. Conclusion:The active components of P. ternata-M. officinalis pair regulate multiple biological pathways by regulating and interacting with multiple target proteins related to the occurrence and development of epilepsy, showing the characteristics of being multi-component, multi-target and multiple biological pathways. The present study provides a research basis for the exploration of the active components P. ternata-M. officinalis pair, the study of mechanism of action and clinical rational use of this herb pair in future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of seasonal influenza in children based on exogenous epidemic virus REN Xiaoting, SUN Liping 2021, 13 (5):  444.  Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (525KB) ( 16 )   Save Seasonal influenza is one of the common seasonal diseases in children, Professor Sun Liping inherited the academic experience of Professor Wang Lie, a master of traditional Chinese medicine, and based on the theory of heat toxicity as well as the physiopathological characteristics of children, physical analysis, feeding factors and internal injury basis,he thinks that exogenous epidemic virus is the main pathogenic factor.It can hurt the throat and can affect the lungs and heart. Professor Sun Liping is good at using bitter and cold Chinese medicines. In the treatment, the main method is to clear away heat and clear throat. The self-made Shuanghua Chaiqin powder is used to treat influenza,being modified according to symptoms, and the effect is remarkable. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Professor Wang Shouchuan's medication rules fordiarrhea due to spleen deficiency in children based on data mining technology XU Shan, WU Yanming, WANG Shouchuan 2021, 13 (5):  447.  Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (611KB) ( 22 )   Save To explore the medication rules fordiarrhea due to spleen deficiency in children treated by Professor Wang Shouchuan. The outpatient prescriptions on diarrhea due to spleen deficiency were summarized by three data mining methods(frequency statistics, association rules and cluster analysis) to find out the core prescribed drugs and modified prescribed drugs in the treatment of diarrhea due to spleen-deficiency. It is concluded that the core medicine in the treatment of spleen deficiency diarrhea in children is composed of rhizome atractylodis, Poria cocos, baked ginger, simmered bitter cardamom, fried malt and Amomumvillosum, which shows the treatment principle of warm movement of spleen-yang. Related Articles | Metrics

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Professor Xiao Heyin's application of "Triple warmer" theory in treating in eczema infants SHEN Xiangqing, CHEN Yanxia, GUO Kai, YANG Bingbin, WANG Hongjuan, LIU Siyu 2021, 13 (5):  450.  Abstract ( 176 )   PDF (811KB) ( 5 )   Save Infantile eczema is a common disease in pediatrics, which is caused by internal and external factors. The internal cause is mainly due to the deficiency in lung, spleen and kidney in children, and the external cause is mainly due to the mutual entanglement of wind, dampness, heat and toxin. It is caused by the imbalance of lung, spleen and kidney, the evil gathering in skin, hence the eczema. Professor Xiao Heyin uses the theory of "Triple warmer" to divide it into three stages: "wind evil invading lung", "dampness evil obstructing spleen" and "deficiency in vital Qi and blood stasis". In the treatment, it is also corresponding to "Removing wind and relieving itching", "clearing heat and removing dampness" and "tonifying vital Qi and removing stasis", so as to achieve the effect of eliminating pathogenic factors and calming Yin and Yang. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on the treatment of children's short stature based on time medicine of traditional Chinese medicine DU Fuli, DAI Xiaoyu, ZHENG Yapei, ZHENG Hong 2021, 13 (5):  454.  Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (630KB) ( 10 )   Save Time medicine of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is a discipline that studies the periodic changes between human life activities and nature under the guidance of TCM theory. On the basis of time medicine，this paper discusses the natural law of children's growth and development，and the correlation between the pathophysiological characteristics of children's growth disorders and time medicine from the following aspects: the rhythms of the four seasons, the theory of midnight-noon ebb-flow and yin-yang and qi-blood，so as to provide new ideas for the TCM treatment, guidance in intervention of life and nursing of children with short stature. Related Articles | Metrics

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Heat sensitive moxibustion in the treatment of lung and spleen deficiency in convalescent stage of pneumonia asthma: an observation of 80 cases LIU Kexin, ZHENG Ying, ZHANG Xueli, LIU Taotao, LI Jiahua, PENG Yanrong 2021, 13 (5):  458.  Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (416KB) ( 16 )   Save Objective:To observe the clinical effect of heat sensitive moxibustion in the treatment of children with lung and spleen deficiency in convalescent stage of pneumonia asthma. Methods:Totally 80 children with lung and spleen deficiency in convalescent stage of pneumonia treated in Shenzhen Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences from May 2019 to August 2020 were chosen, and they were randomly divided into heat sensitive moxibustion group and control group. The heat sensitive moxibustion group was given basic treatment and heat sensitive moxibustion for 3 days，while the control group was given basic treatment for 3 days. The TCM syndrome score and treatment effects were compared. Results:The cure rate of the children in heat sensitive moxibustion group was 90.0%(36/40), significantly higher than that in control group(72.5%,29/40)(P<0.05). The TCM syndrome scores after one course of treatment were both lower than before treatment, and they were lower in heat sensitive moxibustion group than in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion:Heat sensitive moxibustion can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of children with lung and spleen deficiency of pneumonia asthma. Related Articles | Metrics